{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T13:22:26Z","timestamp":1765545746681},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,26]],"date-time":"2012-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1335398400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CNS Spectr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S1092852912000016_abs1\" sec-type=\"intro\"><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Risk for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) varies in part due to the nature of the traumatic event involved. Both injury and return from combat pose high risk of PTSD symptoms. How different injuries may predispose towards PTSD is less well understood.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1092852912000016_abs2\" sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective record review was conducted from 1402 service members who had returned to Naval Medical Center San Diego from Iraq or Afghanistan and who had completed the PTSD Checklist as part of their post-deployment screening. Rates of PTSD were examined in relation to mechanism of injury.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1092852912000016_abs3\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of those without injury, 8% met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual criteria for PTSD. Thirteen percent of those with a penetrating injury, 29% with blunt trauma, and 33% with combination injuries met criteria for PTSD. PTSD severity scores varied significantly according to type of injury.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1092852912000016_abs4\" sec-type=\"discussion\"><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The World War I concept of \u201cshell shock\u201d implied that blast-related injuries were more likely to result in psychological symptoms than were other injuries. These data may support that idea. Circumstance of injury, population differences, and reporting bias could also have influenced the results.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1092852912000016_abs5\" sec-type=\"conclusion\"><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>These results suggest that service members with blunt or combination injuries merit particular attention when screening for PTSD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1092852912000016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,26]],"date-time":"2012-04-26T08:53:17Z","timestamp":1335430397000},"page":"11-15","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Post-traumatic stress disorder symptom severity in service members returning from Iraq and Afghanistan with different types of injuries"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Robert N.","family":"McLay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Webb-Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Hammer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stacy","family":"Volkert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Warren","family":"Klam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1092852912000016_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(96)00033-2"},{"key":"S1092852912000016_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199911000-00009"},{"key":"S1092852912000016_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e31819ce2d6"},{"key":"S1092852912000016_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/JNS\/2008\/108\/5\/0950"},{"key":"S1092852912000016_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20486","article-title":"Disparate prevalence estimates of PTSD among service members who served in Iraq and Afghanistan: possible explanations","volume":"23","author":"Ramchand","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Trauma Stress"},{"key":"S1092852912000016_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2009.08101604"},{"key":"S1092852912000016_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2007.0484"},{"key":"S1092852912000016_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa072972"},{"key":"S1092852912000016_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.19.5.400"},{"key":"S1092852912000016_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2008.07121960"},{"key":"S1092852912000016_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1076\/jcen.23.6.718.1024"},{"key":"S1092852912000016_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009457"},{"key":"S1092852912000016_ref19","unstructured":"19. Bourke J . Shell Shock During World War One, from the BBC series World Wars In-Depth\u201d, http:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/history\/worldwars\/wwone\/shellshock_01.shtml. Accessed March 14, 2010."},{"key":"S1092852912000016_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e318160ba42"},{"key":"S1092852912000016_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.2006.163.10.1777"},{"key":"S1092852912000016_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.20.2.131"},{"key":"S1092852912000016_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.clinpsy.2.022305.095305"},{"key":"S1092852912000016_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwn068"},{"key":"S1092852912000016_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1024754618063"},{"key":"S1092852912000016_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2009.04.006"},{"key":"S1092852912000016_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.JTN.0000337149.29549.28"},{"key":"S1092852912000016_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.162.2.276"}],"container-title":["CNS Spectrums"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1092852912000016","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,6]],"date-time":"2020-07-06T18:45:10Z","timestamp":1594061110000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S1092852912000016\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,26]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,26]]}},"alternative-id":["S1092852912000016"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1092852912000016","relation":{},"ISSN":["1092-8529","2165-6509"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1092-8529","type":"print"},{"value":"2165-6509","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,26]]}}}