{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T11:31:46Z","timestamp":1791545506822,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,2]],"date-time":"2013-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1357084800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CNS Spectr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has a profound impact with a high disease burden. In order to truly understand the scope of the effect OCD has on the patient population, one must take into account not only the relentless symptoms beleaguering the patients but also examine their overall ability to enjoy their life. Quality of life (QOL) assessments\/improvements are becoming an increasingly important component of healthcare, especially in the mental health field. This review examines QOL in OCD, as well as the influence of comorbidities, and the impact that OCD treatment has on QOL. We searched MEDLINE\/PUBMED and PsycINFO databases from 1980\u20132011 using keywords \u201cobsessive compulsive disorder\u201d OR \u201cOCD\u201d AND \u201cquality of life\u201d OR \u201cQOL.\u201d Fifty-eight studies meeting specific selection criteria were ultimately included in this review. The results show that QOL in OCD is significantly impaired when compared to QOL in the general population and in patients with other psychiatric and medical disorders. Likewise, QOL in OCD also appears to be largely affected by comorbid conditions, which should be taken into account when developing a treatment plan. Furthermore, QOL in OCD has been shown to improve with medications and with both individual and group psychotherapy, albeit not to the levels enjoyed by community norms. QOL assessment in both clinical and research settings is important to examine the disease burden, to monitor treatment effectiveness, and to determine full recovery from OCD. Treatment providers should strive to not only reach symptom abatement, but also to assure that patients have regained satisfaction and functioning in their daily lives.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1092852912000697","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,2]],"date-time":"2013-01-02T04:48:14Z","timestamp":1357102094000},"page":"21-33","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":144,"title":["Quality of life in obsessive compulsive disorder"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Alexandra S.","family":"Macy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan N.","family":"Theo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonia C. V.","family":"Kaufmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rassil B.","family":"Ghazzaoui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul A.","family":"Pawlowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hala I.","family":"Fakhry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian J.","family":"Cassmassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Waguih William","family":"IsHak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1092852912000697_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1352465810000275"},{"key":"S1092852912000697_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.159.1.88"},{"key":"S1092852912000697_ref7","unstructured":"The WHOQOL Group. Measuring Quality of Life. 1997. Retrieved July 29, 2011. Geneva: World Health Organization(WHO\/MSA\/MNH\/PSF\/97.4). Available from http:\/\/www.who.int\/mental_health\/media\/68.pdf."},{"key":"S1092852912000697_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1520-6394(2000)12:1+<95::AID-DA14>3.0.CO;2-U"},{"key":"S1092852912000697_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000070785"},{"key":"S1092852912000697_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2008.12.001"},{"key":"S1092852912000697_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/YIC.0b013e32833119d8"},{"key":"S1092852912000697_ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12160-008-9030-2"},{"key":"S1092852912000697_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000104744"},{"key":"S1092852912000697_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2003.11.003"},{"key":"S1092852912000697_ref65","first-page":"CD004517","article-title":"Music therapy for depression","volume":"23","author":"Maratos","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"S1092852912000697_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.172.4.291"},{"key":"S1092852912000697_ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/acm.2006.6345"},{"key":"S1092852912000697_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2009.04.005"},{"key":"S1092852912000697_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291710000620"},{"key":"S1092852912000697_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/070674370905400707"},{"key":"S1092852912000697_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2010.05.026"},{"key":"S1092852912000697_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.154.8.1120","article-title":"Obsessive-compulsive disorder in the community: An epidemiologic survey with clinical reappraisal","volume":"154","author":"Stein","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"S1092852912000697_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2009.10.001"},{"key":"S1092852912000697_ref66","first-page":"965","article-title":"Laughter prescription","volume":"55","author":"Strean","year":"2009","journal-title":"Can Fam Physician"},{"key":"S1092852912000697_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-6185(02)00225-6"},{"key":"S1092852912000697_ref60","first-page":"CD004691","article-title":"Exercise in prevention and treatment of anxiety and depression among children and young people","volume":"3","author":"Larun","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"S1092852912000697_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1092852900006908"},{"key":"S1092852912000697_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.4103\/0022-3859.40773","article-title":"Family burden, quality of life and disability in obsessive compulsive disorder: an Indian perspective","volume":"54","author":"Gururaj","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Postgrad Med"},{"key":"S1092852912000697_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.nmd.0000253730.31610.6c"},{"key":"S1092852912000697_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.162.6.1171"},{"key":"S1092852912000697_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2009.03.004"},{"key":"S1092852912000697_ref8","volume-title":"SF-36 Health Survey: Manual and Interpretation Guide","author":"Ware","year":"1993"},{"key":"S1092852912000697_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-6-20"},{"key":"S1092852912000697_ref12","first-page":"321","article-title":"Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire: a new measure","volume":"29","author":"Endicott","year":"1993","journal-title":"Psychopharmacol Bull"},{"key":"S1092852912000697_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(98)00009-4"},{"key":"S1092852912000697_ref1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","year":"2000"},{"key":"S1092852912000697_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2009.09.005"},{"key":"S1092852912000697_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.153.6.783","article-title":"Quality of life for patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"153","author":"Koran","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"S1092852912000697_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(95)00112-K"},{"key":"S1092852912000697_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-004-0459-4"},{"key":"S1092852912000697_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10673229.2011.614099"},{"key":"S1092852912000697_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199303000-00006"},{"key":"S1092852912000697_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2005.04.002"},{"key":"S1092852912000697_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-9338(97)89095-5"},{"key":"S1092852912000697_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2891-10-121"},{"key":"S1092852912000697_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10401230701468685"},{"key":"S1092852912000697_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2010.08.007"},{"key":"S1092852912000697_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2005.11.005"},{"key":"S1092852912000697_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291798006667"},{"key":"S1092852912000697_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20506"},{"key":"S1092852912000697_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2006.04.019"},{"key":"S1092852912000697_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v63n0908"},{"key":"S1092852912000697_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.09m05911blu"},{"key":"S1092852912000697_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.2008.20.4.450"},{"key":"S1092852912000697_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.171.2.135"},{"key":"S1092852912000697_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-9338(01)00571-5"},{"key":"S1092852912000697_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v66n1204"},{"key":"S1092852912000697_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1607-551X(10)70065-6"},{"key":"S1092852912000697_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2005.11.006"},{"key":"S1092852912000697_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/16506070510043741"},{"key":"S1092852912000697_ref2","first-page":"1094","article-title":"The epidemiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"45","author":"Karno","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"S1092852912000697_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v67n0717"},{"key":"S1092852912000697_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/16506070902831773"},{"key":"S1092852912000697_ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-5949.2011.00235.x"},{"key":"S1092852912000697_ref59","article-title":"Development and validation of the Individual Burden of Illness Index for Major Depressive Disorder (IBI-D)","author":"IsHak","year":"2011","journal-title":"Adm Policy Ment Health"},{"key":"S1092852912000697_ref3","first-page":"394","article-title":"The newly defined burden of mental problems","volume":"5","year":"1999","journal-title":"East Mediterr Health J"},{"key":"S1092852912000697_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0b013e3181dbfb53"},{"key":"S1092852912000697_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2003.12.010"},{"key":"S1092852912000697_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2006.12.007"},{"key":"S1092852912000697_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.55.10.918"}],"container-title":["CNS Spectrums"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1092852912000697","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,24]],"date-time":"2019-04-24T15:41:47Z","timestamp":1556120507000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S1092852912000697\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,2]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S1092852912000697"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1092852912000697","relation":{},"ISSN":["1092-8529","2165-6509"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1092-8529","type":"print"},{"value":"2165-6509","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,2]]}}}