{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T12:06:10Z","timestamp":1762430770465},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,23]],"date-time":"2013-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1369267200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CNS Spectr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S1092852913000291_abs1\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>There have been no previous factor analytic studies of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) in samples with bipolar I depression, and no investigations of the utility of any derived factors in determining treatment response in this condition. This study aimed to identify and compare factors of a 31-item version of the HDRS (HDRS-31) in large samples of patients with bipolar depression and Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), then examine the responsiveness of such factors to lamotrigine compared with placebo in the bipolar depressed sample.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1092852913000291_abs2\" sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This multivariate analytical study was performed on 2 large depressed samples (one bipolar and the other MDD) that had been recruited for separate, contemporaneous, double-blind placebo-controlled trials of lamotrigine. The 2 studies had similar designs and assessment tools, the major measures being the Montgomery\u2013Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and HDRS-31. To identify the constructs underlying the scale, exploratory factor analyses were conducted using HDRS-31 baseline scores. Treatment responsiveness in the bipolar depressed sample\u2014as indicated by improvement in the total MADRS and HDRS-31, as well as HDRS factors\u2014were examined using both a mixed-effects analysis and individual time-point t-tests.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1092852913000291_abs3\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Seven factors of the HDRS-31 were identified: I\u2014\u201cdepressive cognitions,\u201d II\u2014\u201cpsychomotor retardation,\u201d III\u2014\u201cinsomnia,\u201d IV\u2014\u201chypersomnia,\u201d V\u2014\u201cappetite and weight change,\u201d VI\u2014\u201canxiety,\u201d and VII\u2014\u201canergia.\u201d A significant therapeutic effect of lamotrigine in bipolar depression was found for the \u201cdepressive cognitions\u201d factor (from week 3) and \u201cpsychomotor retardation\u201d (from week 4).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1092852913000291_abs4\" sec-type=\"conclusion\"><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study has identified 7 factors of the HDRS in a large sample of patients with bipolar depression. The results suggest that that the clinical benefits of lamotrigine in acute bipolar depression are primarily upon depressive cognitions and psychomotor slowing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1092852913000291","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,23]],"date-time":"2013-05-23T13:30:58Z","timestamp":1369315858000},"page":"214-224","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["A factor analytic study in bipolar depression, and response to lamotrigine"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Philip B.","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dusan","family":"Hadzi-Pavlovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gary","family":"Evoniuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph 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