{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T23:16:25Z","timestamp":1792365385939,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,27]],"date-time":"2015-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1430092800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CNS Spectr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Criminal conduct is not always violent, and violence does not always lead to criminal charges. Moreover, crime and violence have multifaceted etiologies. Most violence in society is not attributable to mental illness. Where there is a small relationship between violence and mental illness, the risk of violence increases for individuals with substance use histories. Underlying trauma can also play a role. Antisocial attitudes, behaviors, and peer groups further increase the risk that individuals, including those with mental illness, will find themselves at risk of criminal recidivism. Criminal histories among public mental health populations, and mental health and substance use disorders among criminal populations are each higher than general population comparisons. Care within behavioral health settings should therefore target decreased criminal recidivism and decreased violence as part of recovery for those individuals at risk, using trauma-informed approaches and peer supports. Interventions that show promise bring criminal justice and behavioral health systems together, and include police-based diversion, specialty courts, court-based alternatives to incarceration, and coordinated re-entry programs. This article reviews these options along with specific risk management strategies, such as using risk, needs, and responsivity factors as a means of improving overall outcomes for persons with mental illness, while minimizing their risk of further criminalization and victimization.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1092852915000164","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,27]],"date-time":"2015-04-27T13:06:41Z","timestamp":1430140001000},"page":"241-249","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Crime, violence, and behavioral health: collaborative community strategies for risk mitigation"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Debra A.","family":"Pinals","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1092852915000164_ref3","first-page":"101","volume-title":"Violence and Mental Disorder","author":"Swanson","year":"1994"},{"key":"S1092852915000164_ref30","first-page":"163","article-title":"Veterans and the justice system: the next forensic frontier","volume":"38","author":"Pinals","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Am Acad Psychiatry Law"},{"key":"S1092852915000164_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/lhb0000075"},{"key":"S1092852915000164_ref17","first-page":"7","article-title":"Forensic services, public mental health policy, and financing: charting the course ahead","volume":"42","author":"Pinals","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Acad Psychiatry Law"},{"key":"S1092852915000164_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1300512"},{"key":"S1092852915000164_ref54","volume-title":"SAMHSA\u2019s Concept of Trauma and Guidance for a Trauma-Informed Approach","year":"2014"},{"key":"S1092852915000164_ref48","volume-title":"Reentry Planning for Offenders with Mental Disorders: Policy and Practice","author":"Rotter"},{"key":"S1092852915000164_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.201300049"},{"key":"S1092852915000164_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.2010.61.5.520"},{"key":"S1092852915000164_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.2006.57.4.544"},{"key":"S1092852915000164_ref27","unstructured":"National Association of Drug Court Professionals. 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