{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T03:44:56Z","timestamp":1771299896016,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,21]],"date-time":"2016-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1461196800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CNS Spectr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S1092852915000711_abs1\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>We investigated the association between clinical outcome and the recommendations of a pharmacogenetic test (Neuropharmagen) in patients with a variety of psychiatric conditions whose previous treatment regimen had failed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1092852915000711_abs2\" sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This retrospective, naturalistic, multicenter study included adult psychiatric patients (depression, psychosis, anxiety, bipolar, etc.) who had been seen at 3 private clinics. All patients had received pharmacogenetic testing (Neuropharmagen) and were classified depending on whether or not their post-test treatment regimen followed the test recommendations. Clinical severity was assessed with the Clinical Global Impression of Severity (CGI-S) at baseline (pre-test) and 3-month follow-up, and adverse events were recorded.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1092852915000711_abs3\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>182 patients were available for analysis. After multivariate adjustment, patients whose treatment followed the test recommendations had odds of improvement about 4 times greater than patients whose treatment did not follow the recommendations (adjusted OR=3.86, 95%CI 1.36\u201310.95; p=0.011). Importantly, psychiatric diagnosis did not significantly affect the odds of improvement. Also, in the subpopulation with baseline CGI-S score &gt;3 (N=170), the rate of stabilization at follow-up (defined as CGI-S\u22643) was significantly higher in patients whose treatment followed the pharmacogenetic recommendations (p=0.033). There was no apparent difference in the incidence of adverse events (6 patients in each group).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1092852915000711_abs4\" sec-type=\"conclusions\"><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Non\u2013drug na\u00efve patients whose treatment followed the recommendations of pharmacogenetic testing were more likely to improve their condition than patients whose treatment did not. These results are consistent with previous clinical research on depressed patients, and this study also suggests that this benefit can be extended to psychiatric conditions other than depression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1092852915000711","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,21]],"date-time":"2016-04-21T02:31:33Z","timestamp":1461205893000},"page":"315-324","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Pharmacogenetic testing for the guidance of psychiatric treatment: a multicenter retrospective analysis"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0128-8363","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jordi","family":"Espadaler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miquel","family":"Tuson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jose Miguel","family":"Lopez-Ibor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Franciso","family":"Lopez-Ibor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Ines","family":"Lopez-Ibor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1092852915000711_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2007.11.017"},{"key":"S1092852915000711_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.10r06218blu"},{"key":"S1092852915000711_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12026"},{"key":"S1092852915000711_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0b013e31820ebd2c"},{"key":"S1092852915000711_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0b013e3283642da4"},{"key":"S1092852915000711_ref17","first-page":"5","article-title":"An\u00e1lisis Farmacogen\u00e9tico en psiquiatr\u00eda, estudio descriptivo de una experiencia cl\u00ednica con 21 pacientes","volume":"16","author":"Vega","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psiquiatria.com"},{"key":"S1092852915000711_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/FPC.0b013e3283649b9a"},{"key":"S1092852915000711_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.2011.34"},{"key":"S1092852915000711_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-007-0061-3"},{"key":"S1092852915000711_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2013.2"},{"key":"S1092852915000711_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2008.116"},{"key":"S1092852915000711_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61729-2"},{"key":"S1092852915000711_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2007.03052.x"},{"key":"S1092852915000711_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v67n0501"},{"key":"S1092852915000711_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/tpj.2010.66"},{"key":"S1092852915000711_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1092852913000436"},{"key":"S1092852915000711_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.12093"},{"key":"S1092852915000711_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.2013.2"},{"key":"S1092852915000711_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/phar.1398"},{"key":"S1092852915000711_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-014-0253-4"},{"key":"S1092852915000711_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa051688"},{"key":"S1092852915000711_ref20","first-page":"219","article-title":"A prospective, randomized, double-blind study assessing the clinical impact of integrated pharmacogenomic testing for major depressive disorder","volume":"16","author":"Winner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Discov Med"},{"key":"S1092852915000711_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/tpj.2013.27"},{"key":"S1092852915000711_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.2006.163.11.1905"}],"container-title":["CNS Spectrums"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1092852915000711","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,17]],"date-time":"2019-04-17T15:35:48Z","timestamp":1555515348000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S1092852915000711\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,21]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S1092852915000711"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1092852915000711","relation":{},"ISSN":["1092-8529","2165-6509"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1092-8529","type":"print"},{"value":"2165-6509","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,21]]}}}