{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T21:19:41Z","timestamp":1769548781754,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,27]],"date-time":"2019-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1553644800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CNS Spectr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S1092852919000762_sec1\" sec-type=\"other\"><jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Though moderate exercise has numerous health benefits, some individuals may become excessively preoccupied with exercise, endorsing features akin to \u201caddiction.\u201d The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationships between problematic exercise (viewed dimensionally), quality of life, and psychological measures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1092852919000762_sec2\" sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Young adults were recruited from an established population-based cohort in the United Kingdom and completed an online survey. The factor structure of the Exercise Addiction Inventory (EAI) was characterized. Relationships between dimensional EAI factor scores and other variables (impulsivity, compulsivity, emotional dysregulation) were elicited.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1092852919000762_sec3\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Six hundred and forty-two individuals took part in the study (mean age 23.4 years, 64.7% female). The EAI yielded two factors \u2013 a \u201cgeneral factor\u201d and a \u201crelationship conflict factor.\u201d Both EAI factor scores were associated with disordered eating, impulsivity (UPPS), and compulsivity (CHI-T). Only the relationship conflict factor score was significantly associated with impaired quality of life (all domains) and with maladaptive personality traits (emotional dysregulation and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder traits). Few participants met conventional threshold for full exercise addiction (1.1%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1092852919000762_sec4\" sec-type=\"conclusions\"><jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Higher problematic exercise scores, in a sample largely free from exercise addiction, were associated with impulsive and compulsive personality features, emotional dysregulation, and disordered eating. Further research is needed to examine whether these results generalize to other populations (such as gym attendees) and are evident using more rigorous in-person clinical assessment rather than online assessment. Longitudinal research is needed to examine both positive and negative impacts of exercise, since moderate exercise may, in fact, be useful for those with impulsive\/compulsive tendencies, by dampening negative emotional states or substituting for other more damaging types of repetitive habit.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1092852919000762","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,27]],"date-time":"2019-03-27T16:14:08Z","timestamp":1553703248000},"page":"64-70","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Is problematic exercise really problematic? 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