{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T02:13:28Z","timestamp":1791166408795,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,23]],"date-time":"2019-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1555977600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CNS Spectr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Cariprazine is a new atypical antipsychotic drug (APD) with a unique pharmacodynamic profile, different from both typical and atypical APDs. Specifically, cariprazine acts as a partial agonist at the dopamine (DA) D\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    and D\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    receptors and serotonin 5-HT\n                    <jats:sub>1A<\/jats:sub>\n                    receptors, and as an antagonist at the 5-HT\n                    <jats:sub>2B<\/jats:sub>\n                    receptors. Moreover, it shows moderate affinities for adrenergic, histaminergic, and cholinergic receptors that are involved in mediating the side effects characteristic of typical APDs. In this review, we discuss the contribution of DA D\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    receptors (D\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    Rs) in the etiology and pathophysiology of schizophrenia and the potential benefits that may be associated with a more selective targeting of D\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    R by APDs, as compared to other dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic receptor subtypes. Cariprazine, by acting on D\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    Rs, ameliorates anhedonia and cognitive deficits in animal models based on environmental or pharmacological manipulation. The reviewed results support the potential benefits of cariprazine in treating negative symptoms and cognitive deficits of schizophrenia, and therefore representing a promising approach in addressing the unmet clinical needs for the improved treatment of this serious neuropsychiatric disorder.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s109285291900083x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,23]],"date-time":"2019-04-23T04:37:44Z","timestamp":1555994264000},"page":"343-351","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["The role of dopamine D\n                    <sub>3<\/sub>\n                    receptors in the mechanism of action of cariprazine"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Francesca","family":"Calabrese","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6839-9378","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frank I.","family":"Tarazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giorgio","family":"Racagni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1699-5060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco A.","family":"Riva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"S109285291900083X_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.1.13"},{"key":"S109285291900083X_ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2015.12.020"},{"key":"S109285291900083X_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/347146a0"},{"key":"S109285291900083X_ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyx038"},{"key":"S109285291900083X_ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2007.07.003"},{"key":"S109285291900083X_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2045125316672136"},{"key":"S109285291900083X_ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/FBP.0000000000000070"},{"key":"S109285291900083X_ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2015.11.016"},{"key":"S109285291900083X_ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130050147"},{"key":"S109285291900083X_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-017-1459-z"},{"key":"S109285291900083X_ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.103.052597"},{"key":"S109285291900083X_ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-013-0004-9"},{"key":"S109285291900083X_ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-013-0006-7"},{"key":"S109285291900083X_ref55","first-page":"1","article-title":"Evaluation of the long-term safety and tolerability of cariprazine in patients with schizophrenia: results from a 1-year open-label study","author":"Cutler","year":"2017","journal-title":"CNS Spectr"},{"key":"S109285291900083X_ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2010.00831.x"},{"key":"S109285291900083X_ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-018-4857-0"},{"key":"S109285291900083X_ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2011.07.002"},{"key":"S109285291900083X_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.15m09997"},{"key":"S109285291900083X_ref69","first-page":"461","volume-title":"Goodman and Gilman\u2019s The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics","author":"Baldessarini","year":"2005"},{"key":"S109285291900083X_ref82","article-title":"Neural mechanisms of early-life social stress as a developmental risk factor for severe psychiatric disorders","author":"Reinwald","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"S109285291900083X_ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(96)00631-8"},{"key":"S109285291900083X_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/cer-2017-0024"},{"key":"S109285291900083X_ref59","first-page":"751","article-title":"Positive and negative symptom response to clozapine in schizophrenic patients with and without the deficit syndrome","volume":"155","author":"Buchanan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"S109285291900083X_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.08.040"},{"key":"S109285291900083X_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-004-2096-z"},{"key":"S109285291900083X_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2013.11.041"},{"key":"S109285291900083X_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.14m09081"},{"key":"S109285291900083X_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612822666160701084447"},{"key":"S109285291900083X_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-017-0442-z"},{"key":"S109285291900083X_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4001556"},{"key":"S109285291900083X_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/138161210790361461"},{"key":"S109285291900083X_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0837-06.2006"},{"key":"S109285291900083X_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-016-4450-3"},{"key":"S109285291900083X_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2006.12.012"},{"key":"S109285291900083X_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2011.254"},{"key":"S109285291900083X_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2013.05.006"},{"key":"S109285291900083X_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0173(99)00043-0"},{"key":"S109285291900083X_ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-008-1098-7"},{"key":"S109285291900083X_ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.02.592"},{"key":"S109285291900083X_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0000000000000346","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of cariprazine in acute exacerbation of schizophrenia: Results from an international, phase III clinical trial","volume":"35","author":"Kane","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"S109285291900083X_ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00023210-200216010-00003"},{"key":"S109285291900083X_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2010.10"},{"key":"S109285291900083X_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1092852917000426"},{"key":"S109285291900083X_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-133X(98)00066-9"},{"key":"S109285291900083X_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2007.02.006"},{"key":"S109285291900083X_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2015.15060741"},{"key":"S109285291900083X_ref64","first-page":"711","article-title":"Long-term effects of olanzapine, risperidone, and quetiapine on dopamine receptor types in regions of rat brain: implications for antipsychotic drug treatment","volume":"297","author":"Tarazi","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"S109285291900083X_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.113.084863"},{"key":"S109285291900083X_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.fbp.0000137857.26150.ab"},{"key":"S109285291900083X_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.109.160432"},{"key":"S109285291900083X_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-012-0806-3"},{"key":"S109285291900083X_ref9","first-page":"40","article-title":"Multidimensional assessment of functional outcomes in schizophrenia: results from QUALIFY, a head-to-head trial of aripiprazole once-monthly and paliperidone palmitate","volume":"20","author":"Potkin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"S109285291900083X_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2013.11.023"},{"key":"S109285291900083X_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-6147(92)90025-2"},{"key":"S109285291900083X_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2006.04262.x"},{"key":"S109285291900083X_ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.20618"},{"key":"S109285291900083X_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S95100"},{"key":"S109285291900083X_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30181-2"},{"key":"S109285291900083X_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/14737175.2013.853448"},{"key":"S109285291900083X_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.03.028"},{"key":"S109285291900083X_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ne.16.030193.001503"},{"key":"S109285291900083X_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2015.06.008"},{"key":"S109285291900083X_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M710349200"},{"key":"S109285291900083X_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2015.06.002"},{"key":"S109285291900083X_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2015.07.012"},{"key":"S109285291900083X_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2008.06423.x"},{"key":"S109285291900083X_ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(99)02024-7"},{"key":"S109285291900083X_ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pharmtox.42.082701.160735"},{"key":"S109285291900083X_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/YIC.0000000000000187"},{"key":"S109285291900083X_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.56.5.1025"},{"key":"S109285291900083X_ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-002-1016-3"},{"key":"S109285291900083X_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1359-6446(05)03491-4"},{"key":"S109285291900083X_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4173"},{"key":"S109285291900083X_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.13390"},{"key":"S109285291900083X_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.112.198895"},{"key":"S109285291900083X_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.104.003376"},{"key":"S109285291900083X_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn.2016.57"},{"key":"S109285291900083X_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1092852913000680"},{"key":"S109285291900083X_ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2008.09.002"},{"key":"S109285291900083X_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M102297200"},{"key":"S109285291900083X_ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-012-2896-5"},{"key":"S109285291900083X_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2014.09.016"},{"key":"S109285291900083X_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.2174\/187152706784111551","article-title":"The dopamine D3 receptor: a therapeutic target for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders","volume":"5","author":"Sokoloff","year":"2006","journal-title":"CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets"},{"key":"S109285291900083X_ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-133X(97)00046-8"},{"key":"S109285291900083X_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30060-0"},{"key":"S109285291900083X_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1092852917000608"},{"key":"S109285291900083X_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2008.04.022"},{"key":"S109285291900083X_ref72","first-page":"1","article-title":"Long-term effects of aripiprazole exposure on monoaminergic and glutamatergic receptor subtypes: comparison with cariprazine","author":"Choi","year":"2017","journal-title":"CNS Spectr"}],"container-title":["CNS Spectrums"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S109285291900083X","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,16]],"date-time":"2022-09-16T11:41:16Z","timestamp":1663328476000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S109285291900083X\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,23]]},"references-count":88,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S109285291900083X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s109285291900083x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1092-8529","2165-6509"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1092-8529","type":"print"},{"value":"2165-6509","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,23]]}}}