{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T20:52:40Z","timestamp":1781729560341,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,27]],"date-time":"2019-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1558915200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CNS Spectr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S1092852919001068_as1\" sec-type=\"other\"><jats:title>Introduction.<\/jats:title><jats:p>Bipolar disorder (BD) and obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) are prevalent, comorbid, and disabling conditions, often characterized by early onset and chronic course. When comorbid, OCD and BD can determine a more pernicious course of illness, posing therapeutic challenges for clinicians. Available reports on prevalence and clinical characteristics of comorbidity between BD and OCD showed mixed results, likely depending on the primary diagnosis of analyzed samples.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1092852919001068_as2\" sec-type=\"other\"><jats:title>Methods.<\/jats:title><jats:p>We assessed prevalence and clinical characteristics of BD comorbidity in a large international sample of patients with primary OCD (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 401), through the International College of Obsessive\u2013Compulsive Spectrum Disorders (ICOCS) snapshot database, by comparing OCD subjects with vs without BD comorbidity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1092852919001068_as3\" sec-type=\"other\"><jats:title>Results.<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among primary OCD patients, 6.2% showed comorbidity with BD. OCD patients with vs without BD comorbidity more frequently had a previous hospitalization (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001) and current augmentation therapies (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). They also showed greater severity of OCD (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001), as measured by the Yale\u2013Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1092852919001068_as4\" sec-type=\"other\"><jats:title>Conclusion.<\/jats:title><jats:p>These findings from a large international sample indicate that approximately 1 out of 16 patients with primary OCD may additionally have BD comorbidity along with other specific clinical characteristics, including more frequent previous hospitalizations, more complex therapeutic regimens, and a greater severity of OCD. Prospective international studies are needed to confirm our findings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1092852919001068","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,27]],"date-time":"2019-05-27T09:27:33Z","timestamp":1558949253000},"page":"419-425","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Lifetime bipolar disorder comorbidity and related clinical characteristics in patients with primary obsessive compulsive disorder: a report from the International College of Obsessive\u2013Compulsive Spectrum Disorders 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