{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T18:48:51Z","timestamp":1789843731497,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,11]],"date-time":"2020-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1581379200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CNS Spectr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S1092852919001706_sec1\"><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To (1) confirm whether the Habit, Reward, and Fear Scale is able to generate a 3-factor solution in a population of obsessive-compulsive disorder and alcohol use disorder (AUD) patients; (2) compare these clinical groups in their habit, reward, and fear motivations; and (3) investigate whether homogenous subgroups can be identified to resolve heterogeneity within and across disorders based on the motivations driving ritualistic and drinking behaviors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1092852919001706_sec2\" sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>One hundred and thirty-four obsessive-compulsive disorder (n\u00a0=\u00a076) or AUD (n\u00a0=\u00a058) patients were assessed with a battery of scales including the Habit, Reward, and Fear Scale, the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale, the Alcohol Dependence Scale, the Behavioral Inhibition\/Activation System Scale, and the Urgency, (lack of\n) Premeditation, (lack of\n) Perseverance, Sensation Seeking, and Positive Urgency Impulsive Behavior Scale.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1092852919001706_sec3\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A 3-factor solution reflecting habit, reward, and fear subscores explained 56.6% of the total variance of the Habit, Reward, and Fear Scale. Although the habit and fear subscores were significantly higher in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and the reward subscores were significantly greater in AUD patients, a cluster analysis identified that the 3 clusters were each characterized by differing proportions of OCD and AUD patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1092852919001706_sec4\" sec-type=\"conclusions\"><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>While affective (reward- and fear-driven) and nonaffective (habitual) motivations for repetitive behaviors seem dissociable from each other, it is possible to identify subgroups in a transdiagnostic manner based on motivations that do not match perfectly motivations that usually described in OCD and AUD 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