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In a naturalistic case\u2013control study, we compared, both at univariate and multivariate level, 30 migrant HUD (M-HUD) patients with 30 age\/gender-matched Italian HUD (IT-HUD) patients. We also analyzed demographic data, drug addiction history, psychopathological symptoms, addictive behavior, and emotional reactivity to life events.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1092852919001846_sec3\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared with IT-HUD pairs, at HUD Agonist Opioid Treatment, M-HUD patients were characterized by inadequate income and the presence of legal problems. They were more frequently at stage 3 of heroin addiction, with a concomitantly less frequent use of stimulants. Their age at the onset of heroin use was greater than that of subjects in the IT-HUD group. HUD post-traumatic stress disorder spectrum was present and was more severe in all M-HUD patients, but grief reactions and maladaptive behavior were the most discriminant traits. No differences were found in terms of addictive behaviors related to heroin craving or with respect to the severity\/typology of psychopathology specific to HUD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1092852919001846_sec4\" sec-type=\"conclusions\"><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The migratory process does not seem to be correlated with addictive behaviors or with psychopathology specific to HUD. It partly affects HUD history, and specifically correlates with emotional reactivity to loss and traumatic life events, so suggesting that in M-HUD individuals, the link between the migratory syndrome and HUD is very close.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1092852919001846","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,23]],"date-time":"2020-01-23T07:50:55Z","timestamp":1579765855000},"page":"62-70","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Can the migration process influence the clinical expression of heroin use disorder in migrants to Italy?"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6324-0576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Icro","family":"Maremmani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manuel G.","family":"Carbone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Tagliarini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Ricci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna M.","family":"Lupi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucia","family":"Sarandrea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Ceban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angelo G.I.","family":"Maremmani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pietro","family":"Casella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1092852919001846_r55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0024-3205(97)01157-0"},{"key":"S1092852919001846_r52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1376.013"},{"key":"S1092852919001846_r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0376-8716(94)90110-4"},{"key":"S1092852919001846_r67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2009.08.062"},{"key":"S1092852919001846_r35","volume-title":"Neurobiology of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder","author":"Gerra","year":"2010"},{"key":"S1092852919001846_r78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2009.09.074"},{"key":"S1092852919001846_r48","first-page":"307","article-title":"Long-term followup studies of the medical status of adolescent former heroin addicts in chronic methadone maintenance treatment: liver disease and immune status","volume":"67","author":"Kreek","year":"1986","journal-title":"NIDA Res Monogr"},{"key":"S1092852919001846_r19","first-page":"61","article-title":"Ethnicity and specific psychopathology of addiction. 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