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Meanwhile, the possible involvement of immune system deregulation and altered methylation\/trans-sulfuration processes in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is gaining growing attention, but studies in this field are mainly focused on children. In this framework, the aim of this study was to compare plasmatic concentrations of IL-6 and homocysteine (HCY) among adults with ASD, their first-degree relatives, and healthy controls (CTLs), investigating also possible correlations with specific autism symptoms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1092852923000019_sec2\" sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Plasma concentrations of IL-6 and HCY were measured in a group of adult subjects with ASD, their first-degree relatives (BAP group), and healthy controls (CTL). All participants were also evaluated with psychometric instruments.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1092852923000019_sec3\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>IL-6 and HCY concentrations were significantly higher in the ASD group than in CTLs, while BAP subjects reported intermediate results. Significant correlations were reported between biochemical parameters and psychometric scales, particularly for the dimension of ruminative thinking.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1092852923000019_sec4\" sec-type=\"conclusions\"><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These findings support the hypothesis of a key involvement of HCY-related metabolism and immune system alteration in autism spectrum pathophysiology. HCY and IL-6 seem to show different associations with specific autism dimensions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1092852923000019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,24]],"date-time":"2023-01-24T03:00:57Z","timestamp":1674529257000},"page":"620-628","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["IL-6, homocysteine, and autism spectrum phenotypes: an investigation among adults with autism spectrum disorder and their first-degree 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