{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T14:46:43Z","timestamp":1792248403260,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,17]],"date-time":"2025-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737072000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":16,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CNS Spectr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t The history of Italian general psychiatry and forensic psychiatry over the last 50\u00a0years has been unique in the European and Western healthcare landscape. Western politicians often visit Italy to observe the successful community-based systems that have developed in that country.<\/jats:p>\n\t This article represents a first step toward a necessary attempt, to explore how specific political decisions, such as the Italian one, have produced positive outcomes for patients with psychotic disorders, outcomes not observed in many Western countries, which are instead grappling with negative outcomes such as the complicated management of homelessness and the incarceration of people who would instead require psychiatric care.<\/jats:p>\n\t In its historical context, the 1978 decision to abandon the asylum tradition in favor of socialization for patients living with severe mental disorders represented a difficult choice. This choice led to inevitable critical issues, which today are still not completely dormant.<\/jats:p>\n\t This choice has also, undoubtedly, restored dignity to people living with serious mental illness, even when that person commits a crime.<\/jats:p>\n\t To understand these changes, it is appropriate to mention the regulations that finally led to Law number 180 of 1978, which decreed the closure of psychiatric hospitals (Ospedale Psichiatrico) throughout Italy and continued after 2015 with the closure of high-security psychiatric hospitals (Ospedale Psichiatrico Giudiziario) as well.<\/jats:p>\n\t Culturally, much has changed throughout this time in assistance to the mentally ill in Europe.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1092852924000646","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,17]],"date-time":"2025-01-17T07:34:30Z","timestamp":1737099270000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The Italian general psychiatry and forensic psychiatry treatment model: a unique story"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Felice F.","family":"Carabellese","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-1656-5302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lia","family":"Parente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1092852924000646_r4","article-title":"Reform of forensic mental health services in Italy: stigma and blaming the messenger: Hermenoia","author":"Carabellese","year":"2022b","journal-title":"Int J Offend Ther Compar Criminol"},{"key":"S1092852924000646_r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjo.2023.578"},{"key":"S1092852924000646_r10","first-page":"271","article-title":"Il DUNDRUM ToolKit, versione italiana e il suo potenziale utilizzo nel modello trattamentale forense italiano","author":"Carabellese","year":"2022a","journal-title":"Rass Ital Criminol"},{"key":"S1092852924000646_r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bsl.2234"},{"key":"S1092852924000646_r1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.281053"},{"key":"S1092852924000646_r3","first-page":"173","article-title":"Closing OPG: socially dangerous mentally ill offenders\u2019 diagnostic tools. From forensic-psychiatric evaluation to the treatment","volume":"11","author":"Carabellese","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rass Ital Criminol"},{"key":"S1092852924000646_r5","first-page":"1121","article-title":"The new italian residential forensic psychiatry system (REMS). A one year population study","author":"Catanesi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rassegna Italiana di Criminologia"},{"key":"S1092852924000646_r6","first-page":"11","article-title":"Evaluation and management of violent risk for forensic patients: is it a necessary practice in Italy?","volume":"27","author":"Kennedy","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Psychopathol"},{"key":"S1092852924000646_r9","article-title":"Italian Evaluation and Excellence in REMS (ITAL-EE-REMS): appropriate placement of forensic patients in REMS forensic facilities","author":"Parente","year":"2023","journal-title":"Res Square"},{"key":"S1092852924000646_r7","first-page":"316","article-title":"Current issues, penitentiary treatment problems and prospect after law 81\/2014","volume":"13","author":"Mandarelli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rassegna Italiana di Criminologia"}],"container-title":["CNS Spectrums"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1092852924000646","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,5]],"date-time":"2025-03-05T08:01:24Z","timestamp":1741161684000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S1092852924000646\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"alternative-id":["S1092852924000646"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1092852924000646","relation":{},"ISSN":["1092-8529","2165-6509"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1092-8529","type":"print"},{"value":"2165-6509","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"article-number":"e1"}}