{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T03:42:49Z","timestamp":1791517369250,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768176000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":11,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CNS Spectr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1092852925100758_sec1\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A longer duration of untreated illness (DUI) has been associated with poorer outcomes across several mental disorders; however, few studies have investigated DUI in anxiety disorders, particularly in generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). This study aimed to identify sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with a longer DUI in GAD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1092852925100758_sec2\" sec-type=\"methods\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a cross-sectional, multicenter study, retrospectively reviewing the medical records of GAD patients from three mental health services. Sociodemographic and clinical variables were extracted for analysis. One-way analyses of variance and Pearson\u2019s correlations were used to examine the relationship between DUI and categorical and quantitative variables, respectively. A multivariate linear regression model was then conducted to identify variables independently associated with DUI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1092852925100758_sec3\" sec-type=\"results\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The total sample included 243 patients; the mean DUI was 30.92 (\u00b165.25) months. In the final model, a longer DUI was associated with an earlier age at onset (\n                      <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.428;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.023), a longer duration of illness (\n                      <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.431;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001), and the presence of multiple side effects (\n                      <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a055.778;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). There was a trend toward statistical significance for the association between a longer DUI and multiple medical comorbidities (\n                      <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a013.122;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.076).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1092852925100758_sec4\" sec-type=\"conclusions\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings suggest that reducing the time between the onset of GAD and the initiation of appropriate pharmacological treatment may improve clinical outcomes, mitigating the risk of a chronic course of illness. Further studies are needed to elucidate the role of DUI as a prognostic factor in GAD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1092852925100758","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T08:33:00Z","timestamp":1768206780000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The role of the duration of untreated illness (DUI) in generalized anxiety disorder: a cross-sectional, multicenter study"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-8464-1080","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Letizia Maria","family":"Affaticati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01ynf4891","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of 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