{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,3]],"date-time":"2022-04-03T03:04:41Z","timestamp":1648955081749},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1-2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,1]],"date-time":"2014-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1406851200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":16193,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta genet. med. gemellol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1970,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Beautiful and brilliant, content and capable, skillful and successful, these and multiple other adjectives may be used to describe persons on a family tree of Eng-Chang, the original Siamese twins (Fig. 1). These men chose the State of North Carolina for homes, and are considered among its most renowned citizens. They had some of the above characteristics and their descendants shared others.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Data upon six generations of Eng-Chang families \u2014 some verified by their 1836 pamphlets, others as recent as 1969 court records in their county residence \u2014 are shown in the following table:<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:disp-formula><jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" orientation=\"portrait\" mime-subtype=\"gif\" mimetype=\"image\" position=\"float\" xlink:type=\"simple\" xlink:href=\"S1120962300025488_Uequ1\" \/><\/jats:disp-formula><\/jats:p><jats:p>Fig. 2 shows second and third generations in family groups made in the summer of 1865. Nine of Eng's 11 children are shown; 2 had died young. Likewise, 9 of Chang's 10 children are seen; one was born in 1868, as certified by Edinburgh's famous Prof. James Y. Simpson (1869). Two sets of twins, not joined, are recorded in their descendants. Though some members on this family tree are difficult to certify, the data available in these six generations are by far the most comprehensive found. Chromosome and other genetic studies are being initiated and pursued in anatomy departments of American and Thai Medical Schools.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1120962300025488","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,27]],"date-time":"2016-07-27T09:51:06Z","timestamp":1469613066000},"page":"213-216","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Conjoined Twins \u2014 A Genealogical Study"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"George B.","family":"Callahan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roy C.","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1120962300025488_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)95575-2"},{"key":"S1120962300025488_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1965.23.2.0199"},{"key":"S1120962300025488_ref006","volume-title":"Conjoined twins: xipho-omphalopagus, craniopagus, pygopagus","author":"Callahan","year":"1966"},{"key":"S1120962300025488_ref019","first-page":"48","article-title":"Separazione di due gemelle congiunte pigopaghe","volume":"56","author":"Solerio","year":"1965","journal-title":"Minerva Med."},{"key":"S1120962300025488_ref013","first-page":"10","article-title":"Success with the Siamese twins","volume":"20","author":"Luow","year":"1967","journal-title":"Med. News (Br.)"},{"key":"S1120962300025488_ref015","first-page":"3","article-title":"Pygopagus twins","volume":"5","author":"Perlstein","year":"1927","journal-title":"Arch. Path. Lab. Med."},{"key":"S1120962300025488_ref016","unstructured":"Rottgen P. (1966). Personal communication."},{"key":"S1120962300025488_ref009","unstructured":"Duhamel B. (1966). Personal communication."},{"key":"S1120962300025488_ref014","unstructured":"Ochsner A. (1953). Motion picture."},{"key":"S1120962300025488_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.3548.1"},{"key":"S1120962300025488_ref018","first-page":"6","article-title":"A lecture on the Siamese and other viable united twins","volume":"13","author":"Simpson","year":"1869","journal-title":"Brit. Med. J."},{"key":"S1120962300025488_ref004","first-page":"123","article-title":"Grown together twins and the last illness of the Blazek twins","volume":"42","author":"Breakstone","year":"1922","journal-title":"Illinois Med. J."},{"key":"S1120962300025488_ref011","article-title":"The successful separation of pygopagus twins","volume":"49","author":"Koop","year":"1961","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"S1120962300025488_ref012","first-page":"28","volume":"16","author":"Beau","year":"1773","journal-title":"Histoire du Bas-Empire"},{"key":"S1120962300025488_ref017","volume-title":"Thai J. Intl. Col. Surg.","author":"Sem","year":"1963"},{"key":"S1120962300025488_ref008","first-page":"4","volume-title":"Quart. Bull.","volume":"31","author":"Dragstedt","year":"1957"},{"key":"S1120962300025488_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1957.14.5.0548"},{"key":"S1120962300025488_ref020","first-page":"3","article-title":"Surgical separation in craniopagus","volume":"153","author":"Sugar","year":"1953","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"S1120962300025488_ref007","article-title":"Separazione chirurgica con esito felice di due sorelle siamesi","volume":"50","author":"Carrai","year":"1952","journal-title":"Riv. Clin. Pediat."},{"key":"S1120962300025488_ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-196503000-00011","article-title":"Separation of thoraco-omphalopagus Siamese twins","volume":"161","author":"Wilson","year":"1965","journal-title":"Ann. Surg."},{"key":"S1120962300025488_ref005","first-page":"14","article-title":"Xipho-omphalopagus","volume":"4","author":"Callahan","year":"1966","journal-title":"Abbottempo"},{"key":"S1120962300025488_ref010","volume-title":"Twins in History and Science","author":"Gedda","year":"1961"}],"container-title":["Acta geneticae medicae et gemellologiae"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1120962300025488","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,1]],"date-time":"2019-06-01T19:23:21Z","timestamp":1559417001000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S1120962300025488\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1970,4]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1-2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1970,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S1120962300025488"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1120962300025488","relation":{},"ISSN":["1120-9623","2059-6316"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1120-9623","type":"print"},{"value":"2059-6316","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1970,4]]}}}