{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T18:47:00Z","timestamp":1787942820044,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,10]],"date-time":"2013-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1357776000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":801,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Span. j. psychol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The term evilness started to become popular in social psychology after the publication in 1999 of the special issue edited by Arthur G. Miller, \u201cPerspectives on evil and violence\u201d. It is usually used to define behaviors that are extremely and strongly harmful. However, the concept is still imprecise and needs to be empirically delineated. This article attempts to answer the following questions. What is evilness? What is the difference between aggression and evilness? We conducted several studies with three goals: to analyze how laypersons and experts define evilness, to verify whether laypeople distinguish between different intensities of evilness, and to determine the dimensions that predict aggression and evilness. The results offer preliminary answers to the three questions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1138741600002444","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,15]],"date-time":"2013-03-15T15:53:00Z","timestamp":1363362780000},"page":"788-797","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["What do People Mean when Speaking of Evilness?"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"M\u00aa Nieves","family":"Quiles","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u00aa Dolores","family":"Morera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Delia","family":"Correa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacques Philippe","family":"Leyens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1138741600002444_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327965pli0302_28"},{"key":"S1138741600002444_ref007","volume-title":"Aggression: Its causes, consequences, and control","author":"Berkowitz","year":"1993"},{"key":"S1138741600002444_ref032","volume-title":"The Lucifer effect: Understanding how good people turn evil","author":"Zimbardo","year":"2007"},{"key":"S1138741600002444_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-4560.1990.tb00272.x"},{"key":"S1138741600002444_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327957pspr0303_7"},{"key":"S1138741600002444_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327957pspr0303_1"},{"key":"S1138741600002444_ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1348\/014466605X48998","article-title":"Rethinking the psychology of tyranny: The BBC prison study","volume":"45","author":"Reicher","year":"2006","journal-title":"British Journal of Social Psychology"},{"key":"S1138741600002444_ref014","first-page":"247","volume-title":"From prejudice to intergroup emotions: Differentiated reactions to social groups","author":"Fiske","year":"2002"},{"key":"S1138741600002444_ref016","volume-title":"Human nature and suffering","author":"Gilbert","year":"1989"},{"key":"S1138741600002444_ref026","volume-title":"The roots of evil: The origins of genocide and the other group violence","author":"Staub","year":"1989"},{"key":"S1138741600002444_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780195130430.003.0007"},{"key":"S1138741600002444_ref005","volume-title":"Evil: Inside human violence and cruelty","author":"Baumeister","year":"2000"},{"key":"S1138741600002444_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/0162-895X.00042"},{"key":"S1138741600002444_ref029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jesp.2003.11.006"},{"key":"S1138741600002444_ref033","first-page":"38","volume-title":"The New York Times Magazine","author":"Zimbardo","year":"1973"},{"key":"S1138741600002444_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327957pspr0303_4"},{"key":"S1138741600002444_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167206292689"},{"key":"S1138741600002444_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00994617"},{"key":"S1138741600002444_ref012","volume-title":"Altruistic emotion, cognition and behavior. 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