{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T03:53:07Z","timestamp":1790999587341,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,3]],"date-time":"2013-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1357171200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Behav. Cogn. Psychother."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold>More effective psychological treatments for psychosis are required. Case series data and pilot trials suggest metacognitive therapy (MCT) is a promising treatment for anxiety and depression. Other research has found negative metacognitive beliefs and thought-control strategies may be involved in the development and maintenance of hallucinations and delusions. The potential of MCT in treating psychosis has yet to be investigated.<jats:bold>Aims:<\/jats:bold>Our aim was to find out whether a short number of MCT sessions would be associated with clinically significant and sustained improvements in delusions, hallucinations, anxiety, depression and subjective recovery in patients with treatment-resistant long-standing psychosis.<jats:bold>Method:<\/jats:bold>Three consecutively referred patients, each with a diagnosis of paranoid schizophrenia and continuing symptoms, completed a series of multiple baseline assessments. Each then received between 11 and 13 sessions of MCT and completed regular assessments of progress, during therapy, post-therapy and at 3-month follow-up.<jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>Two out of 3 participants achieved clinically significant reductions across a range of symptom-based outcomes at end-of-therapy. Improvement was sustained at 3-month follow-up for one participant.<jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold>Our study demonstrates the feasibility of using MCT with people with medication-resistant psychosis. MCT was acceptable to the participants and associated with meaningful change. Some modifications may be required for this population, after which a controlled trial may be warranted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1352465812001026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,3]],"date-time":"2013-01-03T13:37:25Z","timestamp":1357220245000},"page":"166-185","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Metacognitive Therapy in Treatment-Resistant Psychosis: A Multiple-Baseline Study"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Paul","family":"Hutton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony P.","family":"Morrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"Wardle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Wells","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1352465812001026_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(03)00147-5"},{"key":"S1352465812001026_ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbm114"},{"key":"S1352465812001026_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2006.12.001"},{"key":"S1352465812001026_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291798007314"},{"key":"S1352465812001026_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2009.09.001"},{"key":"S1352465812001026_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2005.07.002"},{"key":"S1352465812001026_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2008.01308.x"},{"key":"S1352465812001026_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1017\/S135246589927107X","article-title":"Worry, worry processes and dimensions of delusions: an exploratory investigation of a role for anxiety processes in the maintenance of delusional distress","volume":"27","author":"Freeman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy"},{"key":"S1352465812001026_ref50","volume-title":"A Review of the Literature and Consultation on Choice and Decision-making for Users and Carers of Mental Health and Social Care Services","author":"Warner","year":"2006"},{"key":"S1352465812001026_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.182.4.303"},{"key":"S1352465812001026_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1348\/147608310X520436","article-title":"Addressing metacognitive capacity for self reflection in the psychotherapy for schizophrenia: a conceptual model of the key tasks and processes","volume":"84","author":"Lysaker","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory Research and Practice"},{"key":"S1352465812001026_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(99)00153-9"},{"key":"S1352465812001026_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10942-005-0018-6"},{"key":"S1352465812001026_ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2009.11.013"},{"key":"S1352465812001026_ref2","volume-title":"Cognitive Therapy and the Emotional Disorders","author":"Beck","year":"1976"},{"key":"S1352465812001026_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa051688"},{"key":"S1352465812001026_ref6","first-page":"69","volume-title":"Social Phobia: diagnosis, assessment, and treatment","author":"Clark","year":"1995"},{"key":"S1352465812001026_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-0879(199905)6:2<96::AID-CPP190>3.0.CO;2-G"},{"key":"S1352465812001026_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329170900590X"},{"key":"S1352465812001026_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2010.12.001"},{"key":"S1352465812001026_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbp080"},{"key":"S1352465812001026_ref41","first-page":"CD006918","article-title":"Risperidone versus placebo for schizophrenia","volume":"1","author":"Rattehalli","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cochrane Database System Review"},{"key":"S1352465812001026_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000319788"},{"key":"S1352465812001026_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2010.04.003"},{"key":"S1352465812001026_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpra.2006.11.005"},{"key":"S1352465812001026_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291799008661"},{"key":"S1352465812001026_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2004.10.008"},{"key":"S1352465812001026_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S135246581000055X"},{"key":"S1352465812001026_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/13.2.261"},{"key":"S1352465812001026_ref35","volume-title":"Schizophrenia: core interventions in the treatment and management of schizophrenia in adults in primary care and secondary care (update)","year":"2009"},{"key":"S1352465812001026_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2006.04.006"},{"key":"S1352465812001026_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1348\/014466510X511141"},{"key":"S1352465812001026_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1077-7229(03)80012-3"},{"key":"S1352465812001026_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpra.2006.01.009"},{"key":"S1352465812001026_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbq016"},{"key":"S1352465812001026_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1077-7229(04)80053-1"},{"key":"S1352465812001026_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291701003312"},{"key":"S1352465812001026_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2011.12.005"},{"key":"S1352465812001026_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1352465800015897"},{"key":"S1352465812001026_ref4","volume-title":"Manual for the Beck Depression Inventory-II","author":"Beck","year":"1996"},{"key":"S1352465812001026_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4002136"},{"key":"S1352465812001026_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2000.tb10933.x","article-title":"Development, reliability and acceptability of a new version of the DSM-IV Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale (SOFAS) to assess routine social functioning","volume":"101","author":"Morosini","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica"},{"key":"S1352465812001026_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2007.01.002"},{"key":"S1352465812001026_ref34","article-title":"Cognitive behavioural therapy and the psychopathology of schizophrenia: systematic review and meta-analysis","author":"Newton-Howes","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice"},{"key":"S1352465812001026_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2009.02.015"},{"key":"S1352465812001026_ref54","volume-title":"Metacognitive Therapy for Anxiety and Depression","author":"Wells","year":"2008"},{"key":"S1352465812001026_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2004.09.002"},{"key":"S1352465812001026_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.109.075366"},{"key":"S1352465812001026_ref55","volume-title":"Metacognitive Therapy for Anxiety and Depression","author":"Wells","year":"2009"},{"key":"S1352465812001026_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1352465801003010"},{"key":"S1352465812001026_ref59","volume-title":"Attention and Emotion: a clinical perspective","author":"Wells","year":"1994"},{"key":"S1352465812001026_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.56.6.893"},{"key":"S1352465812001026_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17522430902913450"},{"key":"S1352465812001026_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1077-7229(01)80021-3"},{"key":"S1352465812001026_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S135246581100035X"},{"key":"S1352465812001026_ref40","unstructured":"Proctor D. (2008). A Randomized Controlled Trial of Metacognitive Therapy versus Exposure Therapy for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Thesis submitted to the University of Manchester for the degree of Doctor of Clinical Psychology in the Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences."},{"key":"S1352465812001026_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1348\/014466502760379127"},{"key":"S1352465812001026_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.57.2.165"},{"key":"S1352465812001026_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pechey R. and Halligan P. (in press). Prevalence and correlates of anomalous experiences in a large non-clinical sample. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8341.2011.02024.x"},{"key":"S1352465812001026_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2007.08.004"},{"key":"S1352465812001026_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.53.1.5"},{"key":"S1352465812001026_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10608-007-9178-2"},{"key":"S1352465812001026_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2007.05.035"}],"container-title":["Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1352465812001026","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,4]],"date-time":"2024-05-04T07:00:09Z","timestamp":1714806009000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S1352465812001026\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,3]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S1352465812001026"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1352465812001026","relation":{},"ISSN":["1352-4658","1469-1833"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1352-4658","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-1833","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,3]]}}}