{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T11:33:06Z","timestamp":1781004786168,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,18]],"date-time":"2019-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1571356800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Behav. Cogn. Psychother."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S1352465819000584_as1\" sec-type=\"other\"><jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title><jats:p>One-third of patients with depression do not respond satisfactorily to treatment, and approximately 20% of all patients treated for depression develop a chronic depression. One approach to more effective treatment of chronic and treatment-resistant depression is to target rumination \u2013 an underlying mechanism implicated in the development and maintenance of depression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1352465819000584_as2\" sec-type=\"other\"><jats:title>Aim:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of this uncontrolled group study was to investigate the feasibility of individual rumination-focused cognitive behavioural therapy (RfCBT) for patients with chronic and treatment-resistant depression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1352465819000584_as3\" sec-type=\"other\"><jats:title>Method:<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 10 patients with chronic and treatment-resistant depression were offered 12\u201316 individual sessions of RfCBT. The primary outcome was depressive symptoms as measured by Hamilton Depression Scale at pre-, post- and 3-month follow-up. Secondary symptoms measured included self-reported rumination and worry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1352465819000584_as4\" sec-type=\"other\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>There was a significant reduction in depressive symptoms (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05), rumination (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01) and worry (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.5) from pre- to post-treatment. Half of the participants (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 5) showed significant reliable change on levels of depressive symptoms post-treatment. The reduction in depressive symptoms, rumination and worry were maintained at follow-up.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1352465819000584_as5\" sec-type=\"other\"><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p>RfCBT was associated with significant reductions in depressive symptoms in a small sample with chronic and treatment-resistant depression. Despite limitations of being a small uncontrolled study with limited follow-up, these results are promising in a difficult to treat population. RfCBT warrants further systematic evaluation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1352465819000584","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,18]],"date-time":"2019-10-18T09:18:02Z","timestamp":1571390282000},"page":"376-381","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Rumination-focused cognitive behaviour therapy for non-responsive chronic depression: an uncontrolled group study"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5019-8065","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stine Bjerrum","family":"Moeller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen F.","family":"Austin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morten","family":"Hvenegaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morten","family":"Kistrup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stine","family":"Gran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2432-5577","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ed","family":"Watkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1352465819000584_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-977X(98)00004-2"},{"key":"S1352465819000584_ref3","unstructured":"Hvenegaard, M. , Moeller, S. B. , Poulsen, S. , Gondan, M. , Grafton, B. , Austin, S. F. , \u2026 & Watkins, E. R. (2019). Group rumination-focused cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) v. group CBT for depression: phase II trial. Psychological Medicine, 1\u20139."},{"key":"S1352465819000584_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.23.1.56"},{"key":"S1352465819000584_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1528-3542.8.3.364"},{"key":"S1352465819000584_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.61.1.115"},{"key":"S1352465819000584_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0035540"},{"key":"S1352465819000584_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1975.tb00002.x"},{"key":"S1352465819000584_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.110.090282"},{"key":"S1352465819000584_ref14","volume-title":"Rumination-Focused Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Depression","author":"Watkins","year":"2016"},{"key":"S1352465819000584_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.59.1.12"},{"key":"S1352465819000584_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.007"},{"key":"S1352465819000584_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2009.09.003"},{"key":"S1352465819000584_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(90)90135-6"},{"key":"S1352465819000584_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.486"}],"container-title":["Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1352465819000584","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,23]],"date-time":"2020-04-23T12:27:07Z","timestamp":1587644827000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S1352465819000584\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,18]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S1352465819000584"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1352465819000584","relation":{},"ISSN":["1352-4658","1469-1833"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1352-4658","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-1833","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,18]]}}}