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Shame has a central role within self-critical rumination and is accompanied by physiological changes that resemble stress responses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1352465820000727_as2\"><jats:title>Aims:<\/jats:title><jats:p>To experimentally investigate the effects of self-critical rumination on shame and stress following perceived failure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1352465820000727_as3\"><jats:title>Method:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sixty volunteers engaged in an impossible task that resulted in guaranteed failure. Four groups, combining presence or absence of induced self-critical rumination with high or low performance expectations, were created. Self-reports were used to measure levels of shame and stress at baseline immediately after the task, as well as following a debrief on the real purpose of the study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1352465820000727_as4\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants experiencing self-critical rumination accompanied by high performance expectations reported higher levels of shame and stress, especially immediately following the impossible task. On average, members of the high-expectations groups tended to score higher on shame and stress scales. Reported levels of trait self-critical rumination were also significantly correlated with levels of shame and stress across time when controlling for group membership and baseline stress and shame, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1352465820000727_as5\"><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Self-critical rumination in highly evaluative circumstances increased levels of shame and stress following perceived failure. Even though highly evaluative conditions are considered a particularly strong predictor of shame and stress, they could potentially result in self-critical rumination; this matter needs to be addressed in future research.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1352465820000727","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,30]],"date-time":"2020-09-30T06:50:10Z","timestamp":1601448610000},"page":"272-286","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["The effects of self-critical rumination on shame and stress: an experimental study"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Christy","family":"Milia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7509-6893","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel C.","family":"Kolubinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcantonio M.","family":"Spada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1352465820000727_ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-6924.2008.00088.x"},{"key":"S1352465820000727_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.75.1.230"},{"key":"S1352465820000727_ref35","unstructured":"The jamovi project (2019). jamovi (version 1.0) [computer software]. 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