{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T15:47:37Z","timestamp":1781970457858,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,22]],"date-time":"2023-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684713600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Behav. Cogn. Psychother."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S1352465823000140_as1\"><jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title><jats:p>People with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) exhibit negative cognitions, predictive of PTSD severity. The Post-Traumatic Cognitions Inventory (PTCI) is a widely used instrument measuring trauma-related cognitions and beliefs with three subscales: negative thoughts of self (SELF), negative cognitions about the world (WORLD), and self-blame (BLAME).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1352465823000140_as2\"><jats:title>Aims:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The current study attempted to validate the use of the PTCI in people with serious mental illness (SMI), who have greater exposure to trauma and elevated rates of PTSD, using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and examining convergent and divergent correlations with relevant constructs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1352465823000140_as3\"><jats:title>Method:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants were 432 individuals with SMI and co-occurring PTSD diagnosis based on the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale, who completed PTCI and other clinical ratings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1352465823000140_as5\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>CFAs provided adequate support for Foa\u2019s three-factor model (SELF, WORLD, BLAME), and adequate support for Sexton\u2019s four-factor model that also included a COPE subscale. Both models achieved measurement invariance at configural, metric and scalar levels for three diagnostic groups: schizophrenia, bipolar and major depression, as well as for ethnicity (White <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> Black), and gender (male <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> female). Validity of both models was supported by significant correlations between PTCI subscales, and self-reported and clinician assessed PTSD symptoms and associated symptoms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1352465823000140_as6\"><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Findings provide support for the psychometric properties of the PTCI and the conceptualization of Sexton\u2019s four-factor and Foa\u2019s three-factor models of PTCI among individuals diagnosed with SMI (Foa <jats:italic>et al<\/jats:italic>., 1999).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1352465823000140","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,22]],"date-time":"2023-05-22T09:08:52Z","timestamp":1684746532000},"page":"459-474","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Post-Traumatic Cognitions Inventory (PTCI): psychometric properties in clients with serious mental illness and co-occurring PTSD"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"51","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2566-1537","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weili","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kim T.","family":"Mueser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip T.","family":"Yanos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda","family":"Siriram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuane","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alyssa","family":"Leong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven M.","family":"Silverstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Gottlieb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary K.","family":"Jankowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1352465823000140_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.09.048"},{"key":"S1352465823000140_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0167.36.2.223"},{"key":"S1352465823000140_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.6.593"},{"key":"S1352465823000140_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-006-0048-0"},{"key":"S1352465823000140_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.76.2.259"},{"key":"S1352465823000140_ref26","article-title":"Meta-analysis of the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder in adults with comorbid severe mental illness","volume":"82","author":"Grubaugh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"key":"S1352465823000140_ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-9964(99)00129-2"},{"key":"S1352465823000140_ref21","volume-title":"Treating the Trauma of Rape: Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for PTSD","author":"Foa","year":"1998"},{"key":"S1352465823000140_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781483385693"},{"key":"S1352465823000140_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10705510701301834"},{"key":"S1352465823000140_ref4","volume-title":"Beck Depression Inventories \u2013 II","author":"Beck","year":"1996"},{"key":"S1352465823000140_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.72.5.879"},{"key":"S1352465823000140_ref54","unstructured":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) (2017). 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