{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T05:32:19Z","timestamp":1792042339391,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,13]],"date-time":"2023-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689206400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Behav. Cogn. Psychother."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S1352465823000280_as1\"><jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The processing-mode theory of rumination proposes that an abstract mode of rumination results in more maladaptive consequences than a concrete ruminative mode. It is supported by evidence mostly from the area of depression and little is known of the relative consequences of abstract versus concrete rumination for anger.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1352465823000280_as2\"><jats:title>Aims:<\/jats:title><jats:p>We investigated the differential effects of abstract versus concrete rumination about anger on individuals\u2019 current affect. We hypothesized that abstract rumination would increase current anger and negative affect, and decrease positive affect, to a greater extent than concrete rumination.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1352465823000280_as3\"><jats:title>Method:<\/jats:title><jats:p>In a within-subject design, 120 participants were instructed to focus on a past social event that resulted in intense anger and then to ruminate about the event in both an abstract and a concrete mode, in a randomly assigned order. Current anger, negative and positive affect were assessed before and after each rumination phase.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1352465823000280_as4\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Anger and negative affect increased and positive affect decreased from pre- to post-rumination. Contrary to expectations, these patterns were observed irrespective of the ruminative mode induced.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1352465823000280_as5\"><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p>This initial study does not support the hypothesis that abstract and concrete rumination about anger have different consequences for current affect. Replications and more extensive designs are needed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1352465823000280","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,13]],"date-time":"2023-07-13T09:24:22Z","timestamp":1689240262000},"page":"432-442","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Effects of abstract versus concrete rumination about anger on affect"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"51","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2619-913X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlotta V.","family":"Heinzel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Moulds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Koll\u00e1rik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roselind","family":"Lieb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karina","family":"Wahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1352465823000280_ref34","volume-title":"Manual for the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI)","author":"Spielberger","year":"1988"},{"key":"S1352465823000280_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajpy.12154"},{"key":"S1352465823000280_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2019.101528"},{"key":"S1352465823000280_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2008.12.005"},{"key":"S1352465823000280_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.74.3.790"},{"key":"S1352465823000280_ref54","first-page":"139","article-title":"Untersuchungen mit einer deutschen Version der \u201ePositive and Negative Affect Schedule\u201c (PANAS) [Investigations with a German version of the \u201ePositive and Negative Affect Schedule\u201c (PANAS)]","volume":"42","author":"Krohne","year":"1996","journal-title":"Diagnostica"},{"key":"S1352465823000280_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1528-3542.5.3.319"},{"key":"S1352465823000280_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260519897336"},{"key":"S1352465823000280_ref3","volume-title":"Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences","author":"Cohen","year":"1988"},{"key":"S1352465823000280_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/xap0000172"},{"key":"S1352465823000280_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.94.1.133"},{"key":"S1352465823000280_ref55","unstructured":"Laux, L. , Glanzmann, P. , Schaffner, P. , & Spielberger, C. 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