{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T20:45:53Z","timestamp":1786999553982,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,29]],"date-time":"2024-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714348800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Behav. Cogn. Psychother."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1352465824000201_as1\">\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cognitive models of mental contamination (i.e. feelings of internal dirtiness without contact with a contaminant) propose that these feelings arise when individuals misappraise a violation. However, an operational definition of \u2018violation\u2019 and identification of specific violation misappraisals is limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1352465824000201_as2\">\n                    <jats:title>Aims:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study\u2019s aim was to elaborate on cognitive models using qualitative data from those with lived experience to fill these gaps.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1352465824000201_as3\">\n                    <jats:title>Method:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty participants with a diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive disorder and\/or a trauma history took part in a semi-structured interview about violation. Grounded theory was used to analyse interview transcripts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1352465824000201_as4\">\n                    <jats:title>Discussion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Three categories emerged, each with several themes \u2013\n                      <jats:italic>qualities of violation<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>violation-related appraisals<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>violation-related behaviours<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Different violation-related appraisals were associated with different emotions and urges. Specific self-focused appraisal sub-themes (i.e.\n                      <jats:italic>permanence of consequences<\/jats:italic>\n                      ;\n                      <jats:italic>self-worth<\/jats:italic>\n                      ;\n                      <jats:italic>responsibility, self-blame and regret<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) were most closely related to emotions tied to mental contamination. These findings support and expand upon existing cognitive models of mental contamination, identifying key violation-related appraisals and differentiating between mental contamination-related appraisals and those related to other emotional sequelae. Future quantitative and experimental research can evaluate the potential of these appraisals as intervention targets.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1352465824000201","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,29]],"date-time":"2024-04-29T02:12:45Z","timestamp":1714356765000},"page":"463-477","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["\u2018Things that shouldn\u2019t be\u2019: a qualitative investigation of violation-related appraisals in individuals with OCD and\/or trauma histories"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8415-1970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra","family":"Krause","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2807-184X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam S.","family":"Radomsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1352465824000201_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2018.03.005"},{"key":"S1352465824000201_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2009.12.002"},{"key":"S1352465824000201_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(97)10041-9"},{"key":"S1352465824000201_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21642850.2014.905207"},{"key":"S1352465824000201_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(85)90105-6"},{"key":"S1352465824000201_ref23","volume-title":"Oxford Guide to the Treatment of Mental Contamination: VOCI Mental Contamination Scale (VOCI-MC)","author":"Rachman","year":"2015"},{"key":"S1352465824000201_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2009.08.004"},{"key":"S1352465824000201_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/intqhc\/mzm042"},{"key":"S1352465824000201_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9780857020093"},{"key":"S1352465824000201_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2012.03.007"},{"key":"S1352465824000201_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7894(05)80119-4"},{"key":"S1352465824000201_ref2","volume-title":"Depression: Causes and Treatment","author":"Beck","year":"1967"},{"key":"S1352465824000201_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2009.03.004"},{"key":"S1352465824000201_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.05.005"},{"key":"S1352465824000201_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2020.101567"},{"key":"S1352465824000201_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.906231"},{"key":"S1352465824000201_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(97)00040-5"},{"key":"S1352465824000201_ref27","volume-title":"Cognitive Processing Therapy for PTSD: A Comprehensive Manual","author":"Resick","year":"2016"},{"key":"S1352465824000201_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2003.10.009"},{"key":"S1352465824000201_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocrd.2015.12.004"},{"key":"S1352465824000201_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocrd.2022.100767"},{"key":"S1352465824000201_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00988593"},{"key":"S1352465824000201_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2016.06.009"},{"key":"S1352465824000201_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.76.4.574"},{"key":"S1352465824000201_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocrd.2012.07.006"},{"key":"S1352465824000201_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpra.2012.07.002"},{"key":"S1352465824000201_ref32","first-page":"22","article-title":"The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI): the development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview","volume":"59","author":"Sheehan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"key":"S1352465824000201_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa"},{"key":"S1352465824000201_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2020.101633"},{"key":"S1352465824000201_ref18","article-title":"\u2018I was treated like dirt\u2019: evaluating links between betrayal and mental contamination in clinical samples","author":"Pagdin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy."},{"key":"S1352465824000201_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocrd.2013.08.003"},{"key":"S1352465824000201_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(99)00123-0"},{"key":"S1352465824000201_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2014.04.006"},{"key":"S1352465824000201_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2021.102477"}],"container-title":["Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1352465824000201","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]],"date-time":"2024-09-20T04:41:56Z","timestamp":1726807316000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S1352465824000201\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,29]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S1352465824000201"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1352465824000201","relation":{},"ISSN":["1352-4658","1469-1833"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1352-4658","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-1833","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,29]]}}}