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Psychother."],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Since the publication of the original Vancouver Obsessional Compulsive Inventory (VOCI), a large body of evidence demonstrating the prevalence and importance of newer symptom domains in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) (e.g. mental contamination, reassurance seeking, and symmetry, ordering, and arranging) has emerged. Although the VOCI has excellent psychometric properties, these developments point to the need for a revision. The present study aimed to revise the VOCI to provide a brief and up-to-date measure to assess OCD symptomatology. The development of the VOCI-2 is discussed, along with information about its reliability, validity and factor structure. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted on data obtained from 1108 non-clinical participants who completed the VOCI, the Vancouver Obsessional Compulsive Inventory \u2013 Mental Contamination Scale (VOCI-MC), the Symmetry Ordering and Arranging Questionnaire (SOAQ), and the Covert and Overt Reassurance Seeking Inventory (CORSI) to arrive at an updated measure, and clinical samples (primary diagnosis of OCD,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    =59; anxious controls,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    =42; depressed controls,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    =18) completed the VOCI-2 to assess known-groups validity. The VOCI-2 consists of six distinctive factors reflecting symptom categories: Symmetry, Ordering and Arranging; Reassurance Seeking; Checking; Mental Contamination; Obsessions; and Contact Contamination. The updated questionnaire is characterized by strong reliability and validity, face valid items and subscales, is easy to administer and reflects a current understanding of the heterogeneous presentations of OCD. Future directions include additional validation in larger clinical samples and in other (e.g. treatment) contexts.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1352465826101325","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T04:19:58Z","timestamp":1783311598000},"page":"1-17","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Vancouver Obsessional Compulsive Inventory-2 (VOCI-2)"],"prefix":"10.1017","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2807-184X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam S.","family":"Radomsky","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0420zvk78","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Concordia University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martha","family":"Giraldo-O\u2019Meara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Prince Edward Island"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Krause","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0420zvk78","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Concordia University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefanie L.","family":"Lavoie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0420zvk78","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Concordia University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah","family":"Levy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hartford HealthCare Institute of Living"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiu Fung","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dana","family":"Thordarson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North Shore Stress and Anxiety Clinic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stanley J.","family":"Rachman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of British Columbia - Vancouver Campus"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1352465826101325_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocrd.2013.08.003"},{"key":"S1352465826101325_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocrd.2023.100783"},{"key":"S1352465826101325_ref14","volume-title":"The Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for DSM-5","author":"Brown","year":"2014"},{"key":"S1352465826101325_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2019.102109"},{"key":"S1352465826101325_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2008.94"},{"key":"S1352465826101325_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(01)00028-6"},{"key":"S1352465826101325_ref8","volume-title":"The Beck Anxiety Inventory","author":"Beck","year":"1990"},{"key":"S1352465826101325_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-9338(01)00571-5"},{"key":"S1352465826101325_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2003.07.001"},{"key":"S1352465826101325_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0018260"},{"key":"S1352465826101325_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2006.11.005"},{"key":"S1352465826101325_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.focus.130209"},{"key":"S1352465826101325_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2004.09.003"},{"key":"S1352465826101325_ref75","volume-title":"Obsessions and Compulsions","author":"Rachman","year":"1980"},{"key":"S1352465826101325_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2003.10.009"},{"key":"S1352465826101325_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2004.07.010"},{"key":"S1352465826101325_ref69","first-page":"229","volume-title":"Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Theory, Research and Treatment","author":"Taylor","year":"1998"},{"key":"S1352465826101325_ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.87.2.245"},{"key":"S1352465826101325_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-032813-153713"},{"key":"S1352465826101325_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2007.08.004"},{"key":"S1352465826101325_ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(86)90041-0"},{"key":"S1352465826101325_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(77)90042-0"},{"key":"S1352465826101325_ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2466\/pr0.1993.73.2.574"},{"key":"S1352465826101325_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocrd.2021.100640"},{"key":"S1352465826101325_ref22","unstructured":"First, M. 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