{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T18:46:12Z","timestamp":1792089972512,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,26]],"date-time":"2009-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1235606400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":4866,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Int Neuropsychol Soc"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tourette Syndrome (TS) in children is associated with various neurobehavioral disorders including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Children with TS and ADHD show some difficulties with neuropsychological tasks, but we do not know if children with TS alone have neuropsychological deficits. To assess specific cognitive differences among children with TS and\/or ADHD, we administered a battery of neuropsychological tests, including 10 tasks related to executive function (EF), to 10 children with TS-only, 48 with ADHD-only, and 32 with TS+ADHD. Children in all groups could not efficiently produce output on a timed continuous performance task [Test of Variables of Attention (TOVA) mean reaction time and reaction time variability]. Children with TS-only appeared to have fewer EF impairments and significantly higher perceptual organization scores than children with TS+ADHD or ADHD-only. These findings suggest that deficiencies in choice reaction time and consistency of timed responses are common to all three groups, but children with TS-only have relatively less EF impairment than children with TS+ADHD or ADHD-only. (<jats:italic>JINS<\/jats:italic>, 1995, 1, 511\u2013516.)<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1355617700000631","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,26]],"date-time":"2009-02-26T03:59:20Z","timestamp":1235620760000},"page":"511-516","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":119,"title":["Executive function in children with Tourette Syndrome and\/or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Emily L.","family":"Harris","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda J.","family":"Schuerholz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harvey S.","family":"Singer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark J.","family":"Reader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janice E.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christiane","family":"Cox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Mohr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary A.","family":"Chase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martha B.","family":"Denckla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1355617700000631_ref026","volume-title":"Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised","author":"Wechsler","year":"1971"},{"key":"S1355617700000631_ref020","first-page":"206","article-title":"Le test de copie d\u2019une figure complex","volume":"30","author":"Osterrieth","year":"1944","journal-title":"Archives of Psychologie"},{"key":"S1355617700000631_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.39.12.1625"},{"key":"S1355617700000631_ref008","first-page":"155","article-title":"Executive function, the overlap zone between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and learning disabilities","volume":"4","author":"Denckla","year":"1989","journal-title":"International Pediatrics"},{"key":"S1355617700000631_ref014","first-page":"331","article-title":"Tourette's syndrome and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Evidence for a genetic relationship","volume":"54","author":"Knell","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"key":"S1355617700000631_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199007000-00006"},{"key":"S1355617700000631_ref013","volume-title":"Wisconsin Card Sorting Test","author":"Heaton","year":"1981"},{"key":"S1355617700000631_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/87565649209540536"},{"key":"S1355617700000631_ref004","first-page":"27","volume-title":"Handbook of Tourette's Syndrome and related tic and behavioral disorders","author":"Bruun","year":"1993"},{"key":"S1355617700000631_ref007","first-page":"342","article-title":"Neuropsychological testing in Tourette's syndrome: A comparison of clinic and family populations","volume":"39","author":"Como","year":"1989","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"S1355617700000631_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199309000-00025"},{"key":"S1355617700000631_ref027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-198709000-00007"},{"key":"S1355617700000631_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(90)90150-4"},{"key":"S1355617700000631_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01342750"},{"key":"S1355617700000631_ref017","unstructured":"Matazow G.S. & Hynd G.W. 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