{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T22:13:20Z","timestamp":1790892800262,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,5,1]],"date-time":"2000-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":957139200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Int Neuropsychol Soc"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Male vulnerability to neurodevelopmental disorders \nremains controversial. For one disorder, reading disability, \nthis sex bias has been interpreted as an artifact of referral \nbias. We investigated sex differences for the incidence \nof reading disability within a large prospective sample \nof White (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> = 16,910) and Black (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> = \n15,313) children derived from the National Collaborative \nPerinatal Project (NCPP). Children were classified as having \neither <jats:italic>moderate<\/jats:italic> or <jats:italic>severe<\/jats:italic> reading disability \nwhen they had reading scores lower than 1.5 or 2.0 standard \nerrors of prediction, respectively, given their age and \nintelligence. Reading disability was about twice as common \nin boys than girls (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; .001), irrespective \nof race, severity of disability, or exclusion of children \nwith attentional disturbances or high activity levels. \nWe conclude that there is a clear sex bias toward males \nfor the incidence of reading disabilities. (<jats:italic>JINS<\/jats:italic>, \n2000, <jats:italic>6<\/jats:italic>, 433\u2013442.)<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1355617700644016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T13:26:15Z","timestamp":1027776375000},"page":"433-442","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":92,"title":["Male prevalence for reading disability is found in a large \nsample of Black and White children free from ascertainment \nbias"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"KATHLEEN A.","family":"FLANNERY","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JACQUELINE","family":"LIEDERMAN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"LIZA","family":"DALY","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JENNIFER","family":"SCHULTZ","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2000,5,1]]},"container-title":["Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1355617700644016","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,2]],"date-time":"2019-09-02T16:20:02Z","timestamp":1567441202000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S1355617700644016\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,5]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S1355617700644016"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1355617700644016","relation":{},"ISSN":["1355-6177","1469-7661"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1355-6177","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-7661","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,5]]}}}