{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T22:26:13Z","timestamp":1792794373467,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,2,9]],"date-time":"2001-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":981676800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":39,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Int Neuropsychol Soc"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This study assessed two relevant aspects of executive \ndysfunction in children with either Tourette syndrome (TS) \nor ADHD. Process variables derived from existing neuropsychological \nmeasures were used to clarify the executive function construct. \nClustering of responses on measures of verbal fluency, \nfigural fluency, and verbal learning was examined to assess \nstrategic response organization. Rule breaks, intrusions, \nand repetition errors were recorded to assess inhibition \nerrors. No significant differences were found among the \nthree groups (TS, ADHD, and controls) on tasks of response \norganization (clustering). In our sample, both the ADHD \nand the TS groups were largely free from executive function \nimpairment, and their performance on the fluency and list \nlearning tasks was in the average range. There was a significant \ngroup difference on one of the disinhibition variables, \nwith both TS and ADHD groups showing significantly more \nintrusions on verbal list learning trials than controls. \nWhen more traditional total score variables were analyzed \namong the three groups, there were no significant differences; \nhowever, analysis of effect size revealed medium-to-large \neffect sizes for Letter Word Fluency total score differences \n(ADHD <jats:italic>vs.<\/jats:italic> controls), and for Semantic Word Fluency \ntotal score differences (ADHD <jats:italic>vs.<\/jats:italic> TS), with the \nADHD group having weaker performance in both comparisons. \nResults provide some support for the use and analysis of \nprocess variables\u2014particularly those related to inhibition \nand intrusion errors, in addition to the total score variables \nwhen assessing executive function deficits in children \nwith ADHD and TS. While group differences may be found, \nchildren with uncomplicated TS should not routinely be \nconsidered to have significant executive function impairments, \nand when deficits are found, they may be attributable to \nother comorbid disorders. (<jats:italic>JINS<\/jats:italic>, 2001, <jats:italic>7<\/jats:italic>, \n102\u2013111.)<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1355617701711101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T13:26:15Z","timestamp":1027776375000},"page":"102-111","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":76,"title":["Executive function in fluency and recall measures among \nchildren with Tourette syndrome or ADHD"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"E. MARK","family":"MAHONE","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"CHRISTINE W.","family":"KOTH","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"LAURIE","family":"CUTTING","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"HARVEY S.","family":"SINGER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MARTHA B.","family":"DENCKLA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,2,9]]},"container-title":["Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1355617701711101","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,4]],"date-time":"2019-04-04T19:47:18Z","timestamp":1554407238000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S1355617701711101\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S1355617701711101"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1355617701711101","relation":{},"ISSN":["1355-6177","1469-7661"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1355-6177","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-7661","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,1]]}}}