{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T18:26:51Z","timestamp":1793125611912,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,2,12]],"date-time":"2003-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1045008000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":42,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Int Neuropsychol Soc"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The exact role of the basal ganglia in both the motor and \nnon-motor domains has proven elusive since it is virtually \nimpossible to refer to its function in isolation of cortical, \nand especially frontal cortical circuits. The result is that \nwe often speak of frontal-striatal circuits and functions but \nthis still leaves us in the dark when trying to specify basal \nganglia information processing. A critical review of the data \nfrom both basic science and clinical studies suggests that we \nshould break down processing along a temporal continuum, including \nthe domains of context, sequential information processing, and \nfeedback or reinforcement (i.e., the consequences of action). \nThis analysis would cut across other theoretical constructs, \nsuch as attention, central executive, memory, and learning \nfunctions, traditionally employed in the neuropsychological \nliterature. Under specified behavioral constraint, the basal \nganglia can then be seen to be involved in fundamental aspects \nof attentional control (often covert), in the guidance of the \nearly stages of learning (especially reinforcement-based, but \nalso encoding strategies in explicit paradigms), and in the \nassociative binding of reward to cue salience and response \nsequences via dopaminergic mechanisms. Parkinson's disease \nis considered to offer only a limited view of basal ganglia \nfunction due to partial striatal depletion of dopamine and the \npotential involvement of other structures and transmitters in \nits pathology. It is hoped that the present formulation will \nsuggest new heuristic research strategies for basal ganglia \nresearch, permitting a closer link to be established between \nneurophysiological, functional imaging and neuropsychological \nparadigms. (<jats:italic>JINS<\/jats:italic>, 2003, <jats:italic>9<\/jats:italic>, 103\u2013128.)<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1355617703910125","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,4]],"date-time":"2003-04-04T16:50:28Z","timestamp":1049475028000},"page":"103-128","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":118,"title":["Frontal-striatal circuit functions: Context, sequence, and \nconsequence"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"JEAN A.","family":"SAINT-CYR","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,2,12]]},"container-title":["Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1355617703910125","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,6]],"date-time":"2019-04-06T19:14:24Z","timestamp":1554578064000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S1355617703910125\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S1355617703910125"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1355617703910125","relation":{},"ISSN":["1355-6177","1469-7661"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1355-6177","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-7661","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,1]]}}}