{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T13:56:02Z","timestamp":1791035762944,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,12]],"date-time":"2004-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1076544000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":103,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Int Neuropsychol Soc"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Studies involving brain-lesioned subjects have used the paced finger \ntapping (PFT) task to investigate the neural systems that govern motor \ntiming. Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), for example, \ndemonstrate abnormal performance on the PFT, characterized by decreased \naccuracy and variability changes, suggesting that the basal ganglia may \nplay a critical role in motor timing. Consistent with this hypothesis, \nan fMRI study of healthy participants demonstrated that the medial \nfrontostriatal circuit (dorsal putamen, ventrolateral thalamus, SMA) \ncorrelated with explicit time-dependent components of the PFT task. In \nthe current fMRI study, PD patients and healthy age-matched controls \nwere imaged while performing the PFT. PD patients underwent 2 imaging \nsessions, 1 on and the other off dopamine supplementation. Relative to \ncontrols, PD patients were less accurate and showed greater variability \non the PFT task relative to controls. No PFT performance differences \nwere observed between the on and off medication states despite \nsignificantly greater motor symptoms on the Unified Parkinson's \nDisease Rating Scale (UPDRS) in the off medication state. Functional \nimaging results demonstrated decreased activation within the \nsensorimotor cortex (SMC), cerebellum, and medial premotor system in \nthe PD patients compared to controls. With dopamine replacement, an \nincrease in the spatial extent of activation was observed within the \nSMC, SMA, and putamen in the PD patients. These results indicate that \nimpaired timing reproduction in PD patients is associated with reduced \nbrain activation within motor and medial premotor circuits. Despite a \nlack of improvement in PFT performance, PD patient's brain \nactivation patterns were partially \u201cnormalized\u201d with \ndopamine supplementation. These findings could not be attributed to \ngreater head movement artifacts or basal ganglia atrophy within the PD \ngroup. (<jats:italic>JINS<\/jats:italic>, 2003, <jats:italic>9<\/jats:italic>, 1088\u20131098.)<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1355617703970123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,1,29]],"date-time":"2004-01-29T17:15:29Z","timestamp":1075396529000},"page":"1088-1098","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":84,"title":["Neural basis for impaired time reproduction in Parkinson's \ndisease: An fMRI study"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"CATHERINE L.","family":"ELSINGER","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"STEPHEN M.","family":"RAO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JANICE L.","family":"ZIMBELMAN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"NORMAN C.","family":"REYNOLDS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"KAREN A.","family":"BLINDAUER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"RAYMOND G.","family":"HOFFMANN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1355617703970123_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ghaemi, M. , Hilker, R. , Rudolf, J. , Sobesky, J. , & Heiss, W.D. 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