{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T11:25:21Z","timestamp":1789385121908,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,1]],"date-time":"2004-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1093996800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Int Neuropsychol Soc"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We studied how moderate to severe childhood traumatic brain injury (TBI) affects vocational outcome with time. This is the second follow-up of patients who were injured as preschoolers in traffic accidents. In the first follow-up the mean age was 23 years and in the present study the average age of the 27-patient cohort was 40 years. Twenty-two patients were assessed clinically by a neuropsychologist, neurologist and a social worker. Five patients, although not able or willing to participate in the clinical study, were contacted by telephone and interviewed on their vocational outcome. Compared to the first follow-up, 20\/27 patients in total had no change in their vocational status. Nine out of the 27 patients were working full-time, two had subsidized jobs and 16 were not working. Twenty-four of 27 patients were independent in daily living. In the neuropsychological tests of executive functions, preserved flexibility associated with full-time work status. In conclusion, 1\/3 of the patients were still employed full-time over 30 years after the TBI. This suggests that favorable vocational outcome, reached by young adulthood, is maintained at least until middle age. 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