{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T10:30:36Z","timestamp":1790937036768,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,21]],"date-time":"2005-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1129852800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":20,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Int Neuropsychol Soc"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Neuropsychological and motor deficits in Parkinson's disease that \nmay contribute to driving impairment were examined in a cohort study \ncomparing patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) to patients with \nAlzheimer's disease (AD) and to healthy elderly controls. Nondemented \nindividuals with Parkinson's disease [Hoehn &amp; Yahr (H&amp;Y) \nstage I\u2013III], patients with Alzheimer's disease \n[Clinical Demetia Rating scale (CDR) range 0\u20131], and \nelderly controls, who were actively driving, completed a \nneuropsychological battery and a standardized road test administered by a \nprofessional driving instructor. On-road driving ability was rated on \nnumber of driving errors and a global rating of safe, marginal, or unsafe. \nOverall, Alzheimer's patients were more impaired drivers than \nParkinson's patients. Parkinson's patients distinguished \nthemselves from other drivers by a head-turning deficiency. Drivers with \nneuropsychological impairment were more likely to be unsafe drivers in \nboth disease groups compared to controls. Compared to controls, unsafe \ndrivers with Alzheimer's disease were impaired across all \nneuropsychological measures except finger tapping. Driving performance in \nParkinson's patients was related to disease severity (H&amp;Y), \nneuropsychological measures [Rey Osterreith Complex Figure (ROCF), \nTrails B, Hopkins Verbal List Learning Test (HVLT)-delay], and \nspecific motor symptoms (axial rigidity, postural instability), but not to \nthe Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) motor score. \nMultifactorial measures (ROCF, Trails B) were useful in distinguishing \nsafe from unsafe drivers in both patient groups. (<jats:italic>JINS<\/jats:italic>, 2005, \n<jats:italic>11<\/jats:italic>, 766\u2013775.)<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1355617705050848","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,25]],"date-time":"2005-10-25T13:32:00Z","timestamp":1130247120000},"page":"766-775","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":118,"title":["Neuropsychological deficits associated with driving performance in \nParkinson's and Alzheimer's disease"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"JANET","family":"GRACE","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MELISSA M.","family":"AMICK","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"ANELYSSA","family":"D'ABREU","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"ELENA K.","family":"FESTA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"WILLIAM C.","family":"HEINDEL","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"BRIAN R.","family":"OTT","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1355617705050848_ref023","unstructured":"Reitan, R.M. & Wolfson, D. (1993).The Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Test Battery: Theory andclinical interpretation,(2nd ed.).South Tucson, AZ:Neuropsychology Press."},{"key":"S1355617705050848_ref018","unstructured":"Maze Master (Version 1.01)(1992).Computerized Mazes.Boulder, CO:The Flatirons Group."},{"key":"S1355617705050848_ref009","unstructured":"Fahn, S. , Elton, R.L. , & Members of the UPDRS Development Committee .(1987).Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale. In S. Fahn , C.D. Marsden , M. Goldstein , D.B. Calne, (Eds.),Recent Developments in Parkinson's Disease, Vol. 2, (pp.153\u2013163, 293\u2013304).Florham Park, NJ:Macmillan Healthcare Information."},{"key":"S1355617705050848_ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tremont, G. , Halpert, S. , Javorsky, D.J. , & Stern, R.A. (2000).Differential impact of executive dysfunction on verbal list learningand story recall.The Clinical Neuropsychologist,14,295\u2013302.","DOI":"10.1076\/1385-4046(200008)14:3;1-P;FT295"},{"key":"S1355617705050848_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.53.7.580"},{"key":"S1355617705050848_ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McKhann, G. , Drachman, D. , Folstein, M. , Price, D. , & Stadlan, E. (1984).Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: Report of theNINCDS-ADRDA Work Group under the auspices of the Department of Health andHuman Services Task Force on Alzheimer's disease.Neurology,34,939\u2013944.","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.34.7.939"},{"key":"S1355617705050848_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marcotte, T.D. , Heaton, R.K. , Wolfson, T. , Taylor, M.J. , Alhassoon, O. , Arfaa, K. , Grant, I. , & the HNRC Group (1999).The impact of HIV-related neuropsychological dysfunction on drivingbehavior.Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society,5,579\u2013592.","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617799577011"},{"key":"S1355617705050848_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Duchek, J.M. , Carr, D.B. , Hun, L. , Roe, C.M. , Xiong, C. , Shah, K. , & Morris, J.C. (2003).Longitudinal driving performance in early-stage dementia of theAlzheimer's type.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society,51,1342\u20131347.","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1532-5415.2003.51481.x"},{"key":"S1355617705050848_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brown, L.B. & Ott, B.R. (2004).Driving and dementia: A review of the literature.Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry & Neurology,17,232\u2013240.","DOI":"10.1177\/0891988704269825"},{"key":"S1355617705050848_ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zesiewicz, T.A. , Cimino, C.R. , Malek, A.R. , Gardner, N. , Leaverton, P.L. , Dunne, P.B. , & Hauser, R.A. (2002).Driving safety in Parkinson's disease.Neurology,59,1787\u20131788.","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000035636.83680.C6"},{"key":"S1355617705050848_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Folstein, M.F. , Folstein, S.E. , & McHugh, P.R. (1975).\u201cMini-Mental State\u201d\u2014A practical method for gradingthe cognitive state of patients for the clinician.Journal of Psychiatric Research.12,189\u2013198.","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6"},{"key":"S1355617705050848_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brown, L.B. , Stern, R.A. , Cahn-Weiner, D.A. , Rogers, B. , Messer, M.A. , Lannon, M.C. , Maxell, C. , Souza, T. , White, T. , & Ott, B.R. (2005b).Driving Scenes test of the Neuropsychological Assessment Battery(NAB) and on-road driving performance in aging and very milddementia.Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology,20,209\u2013216.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acn.2004.06.003"},{"key":"S1355617705050848_ref022","unstructured":"Reitan, R.M. & Wolfson, D. (1985).The Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Test Battery.Tucson, AZ:Neuropsychological Press."},{"key":"S1355617705050848_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hughes, C.P , Berg, L. , Danziger, W.L. , Coben, L.A. , & Martin, R.L. (1982).A new clinical scale for the staging of dementia.British Journal of Psychiatry,140,566\u2013572.","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.140.6.566"},{"key":"S1355617705050848_ref001","unstructured":"Benedict, R. (1998).Hopkins Verbal Learning Test\u2013Revised.Lutz, FL:Psychological Assessment Resources."},{"key":"S1355617705050848_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fitten, L.J. , Perryman, K.M. , Wilkinson, C.J. , Little, R.J. , Burns, M.M. , Pachana, N. , Mervis, J.R. , Malmgren, R. , Siembieda, D.W. , & Ganzell, S. (1995).Alzheimer and vascular dementias and driving.Journal of the American Medical Association,273,1360\u20131365.","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1995.03520410054026"},{"key":"S1355617705050848_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Duff, K. , Shoenberg, M.R. , Scott, J.G. , & Adams, R.L. (2005).The relationship between executive functioning and verbal and visuallearning and memory.Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology,20,111\u2013122.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acn.2004.03.003"},{"key":"S1355617705050848_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reger, M.A. , Welsh, R.K. , Watson, G.S. , Cholerton, B. , Baker, L.D. , & Craft, S. (2004).The relationship between neuropsychological functioning and drivingability in dementia: A meta-analysis.Neuropsychology,18,85\u201393.","DOI":"10.5555\/0894-4105.18.1.85.supp"},{"key":"S1355617705050848_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hunt, L.A. , Murphy, C.F. , Carr, D. , Duchek, J.M. , Buckles, V. , & Morris, J.C. (1997).Reliability of the Washington University Road Test.Archives of Neurology,54,707\u2013712.","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1997.00550180029008"},{"key":"S1355617705050848_ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Whithaar, F.K. , Brouwer, W.H. , & Van Zomeran, A.H. (2000).Fitness to drive in older drivers with cognitive impairment.Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society,6,480\u2013490.","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617700644065"},{"key":"S1355617705050848_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heikkila, V.M. , Turkka, J. , Korpelainen, J. , Kallanranta, T. , & Summala, H. (1998).Decreased driving ability in people with Parkinson'sdisease.Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry,64,325\u2013330.","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.64.3.325"},{"key":"S1355617705050848_ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Whelihan, W.W. , DiCarlo, M.A. , & Paul, R.H. (2005).The relationship of neuropsychological functioning to drivingcompetence in older persons with early cognitive decline.Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology,20,217\u2013228.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acn.2004.07.002"},{"key":"S1355617705050848_ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stern, R.A. & White, T. (2004).Neuropsychological Assessment Battery (NAB).Lutz, FL:Psychological Assessment Resources.","DOI":"10.1037\/e632232007-001"},{"key":"S1355617705050848_ref024","unstructured":"Stern, R.A. , Javorsky, D.J. , Singer, E.A. , Harris, N.G. , Somerville, J.A. , Duke, L.M. , Thompson, J.A. , & Kaplan, E. (1999).Boston Qualitative Scoring System of the Rey-Osterreith ComplexFigure.Odessa, FL:Psychological Assessment Resources."},{"key":"S1355617705050848_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Drachman, D.A. & Swearer, J.M. (1993).Driving and Alzheimer's disease: The risk of crashes.Neurology,43,2448\u20132456.","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.43.12.2448"},{"key":"S1355617705050848_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Radford, K.A. , Lincoln, N.B. , & Lennox, G. (2004).The effects of cognitive abilities on driving in people withParkinson's disease.Disability Rehabilitation,26(2),65\u201370.","DOI":"10.1080\/09638280310001629633"},{"key":"S1355617705050848_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brown, L.B. , Ott, B.R. , Papandonatos, G.D. , Sui, Y. , Ready, R.E. , & Morris, J.C. (2005a).Prediction of on-road driving performance in patients with earlyAlzheimer's disease.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society,53,94\u201398.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.53017.x"},{"key":"S1355617705050848_ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wood, J.M. , Warringham, C. , Kerr, G. , Mallon, K. , & Silburn, P. (2005).Quantitative assessment of driving performance in Parkinson'sdisease.Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry,76,176\u2013180.","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2004.047118"},{"key":"S1355617705050848_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hoehn, M.M. & Yahr, M.D. (1967).Parkinsonism: Onset, progression, and mortality.Neurology,17,427\u2013442.","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.17.5.427"},{"key":"S1355617705050848_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dubinsky, R.M. , Gray, C. , Husted, D. , Busenbark, K. , Vetere-Overfield, B. , Wiltfong, D. , Parrish, D. , & Koller, W.C. (1991).Driving in Parkinson's disease.Neurology,41,517\u2013520.","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.41.4.517"}],"container-title":["Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1355617705050848","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,21]],"date-time":"2025-06-21T07:03:12Z","timestamp":1750489392000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S1355617705050848\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,10]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S1355617705050848"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1355617705050848","relation":{},"ISSN":["1355-6177","1469-7661"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1355-6177","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-7661","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,10]]}}}