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We followed the course of \ncognitive functioning in 111 stroke patients and 77 healthy controls by \nadministering two neuropsychological examinations with a 6 to 10 month \ninterval (mean interval, 7.5 \u00b1 1.3 months). The baseline \nexamination was administered within three weeks post-stroke (mean \ninterval, 7.9 \u00b1 4.2 days). To examine determinants of \ndomain-specific cognitive recovery, we recorded vascular risk factors, \nclinical variables, and lesion characteristics. Recovery in visual \nperception\/construction (83%) and visual memory (78%) was the most \ncommon. An acute cognitive disorder predicted a long-term disorder in the \nsame domain (all <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; .05), except for visual \nperception\/construction. Factors associated with poor cognitive \nrecovery were age (all <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; .01), preexistent verbal ability \n(all <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; .005), lesion locations involving the temporal (all \n<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; .05), frontal (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; .05) and occipital lobe \n(all <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; .05), lesion volume (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> \u2264 .001), and \ndiabetes mellitus (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; .01). An early neuropsychological \nexamination provides valuable information on long-term cognitive \nperformance. The prognosis of higher-level visual disorders is the most \nfavorable. Cognitive recovery is associated with age, preexistent ability, \nlesion volume, lesion location, and diabetes mellitus. 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