{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T23:35:49Z","timestamp":1772753749554,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,13]],"date-time":"2006-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1165968000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Int Neuropsychol Soc"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Theories of the cognitive impairment underlying letter-by-letter \nreading vary widely, including prelexical and lexical level deficits. One \nprominent prelexical account proposes that the disorder results from \ndifficulty in processing multiple letters simultaneously. We investigated \nwhether this deficit extends to letters presented in rapid temporal \nsuccession. A letter-by-letter reader, G.M., was administered a rapid \nserial visual presentation task that has been used widely to study the \ntemporal processing characteristics of the normal visual system. \nComparisons were made to a control group of 6 brain-damaged individuals \nwithout reading deficits. Two target letters were embedded at varying \ntemporal positions in a stream of rapidly presented single digits. After \neach stream, the identities of the two letters were reported. G.M. \nrequired an extended period of time after he had processed one letter \nbefore he was able to reliably identify a second letter, relative to the \ncontrols. In addition, G.M.'s report of the second letter was most \nimpaired when it immediately followed the first letter, a pattern not seen \nin the controls, indicating that G.M. had difficulty processing the two \nitems together. These data suggest that a letter-by-letter reading \nstrategy may be adopted to help compensate for a deficit in the temporal \nprocessing of letters (<jats:italic>JINS<\/jats:italic>, 2007, <jats:italic>13<\/jats:italic>, \n110\u2013119.)<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1355617707070142","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,13]],"date-time":"2006-12-13T18:30:47Z","timestamp":1166034647000},"page":"110-119","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Temporal processing deficits in letter-by-letter reading"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"JANET L.","family":"INGLES","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"GAIL A.","family":"ESKES","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1355617707070142_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Butler, B. & Hains, S. 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