{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T23:17:25Z","timestamp":1790896645658,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,1]],"date-time":"2009-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1230768000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Int Neuropsychol Soc"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The use of improvised explosive devices has become the hallmark of modern warfare and has resulted in an ever-increasing number of blast-related traumatic brain injuries (TBIs). Despite this fact, very little is actually known about the cognitive sequelae of blast-related TBIs. The purpose of the current study was to compare patterns of performance on neuropsychological measures in subjects who have sustained TBIs as a result of blast (or explosion) with those who have sustained TBIs from non-blast or blunt force trauma (motor vehicle accident, fall, assault, etc.). Participants were categorized as blast-related TBI or non-blast-related TBI and according to severity of injury (mild or moderate-to-severe). No main effects were observed in analysis of covariance between blast-related TBI participants and non-blast-related TBI participants across any of the neuropsychological variables, although an interaction was observed on a visual memory test showing stronger performance for mild blast-related and poorer performance for moderate-to-severe blast-related participants compared with both non-blast groups. Overall, the results do not provide any strong evidence that blast is categorically different from other TBI mechanisms, at least with regard to cognitive sequelae on select measures. Additional findings included a marginally increased incidence of reported posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms among blast-injured participants. (\n                    <jats:italic>JINS<\/jats:italic>\n                    , 2009,\n                    <jats:italic>15<\/jats:italic>\n                    , 1\u20138.)\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1355617708090036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,8]],"date-time":"2009-01-08T04:41:43Z","timestamp":1231389703000},"page":"1-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":206,"title":["Cognitive sequelae of blast-related\n                    <i>versus<\/i>\n                    other mechanisms of brain trauma"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"HEATHER G.","family":"BELANGER","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"TRACY","family":"KRETZMER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"RUTH","family":"YOASH-GANTZ","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"TREVEN","family":"PICKETT","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"LARRY A.","family":"TUPLER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1355617708090036_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e318163b875"},{"key":"S1355617708090036_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.2006.163.4.586"},{"key":"S1355617708090036_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.2006.18.2.141"},{"key":"S1355617708090036_ref19","volume-title":"Manual for computerized Word Memory Test","author":"Green","year":"1996"},{"key":"S1355617708090036_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.319.7207.407"},{"key":"S1355617708090036_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02699050500443558"},{"key":"S1355617708090036_ref47","volume-title":"Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale\u2014Administration and Scoring Manual (3rd ed.)","author":"Wechsler","year":"1997"},{"key":"S1355617708090036_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.295.9.1023"},{"key":"S1355617708090036_ref45","first-page":"1178","article-title":"War neurotrauma: The Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center (DVBIC) experience at Walter Reed Army Medical Center (WRAMC)","volume":"22","author":"Warden","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Neurotrauma"},{"key":"S1355617708090036_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp058102"},{"key":"S1355617708090036_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7205\/MILMED.172.5.451"},{"key":"S1355617708090036_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001199-200609000-00004"},{"key":"S1355617708090036_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7205\/MILMED.170.6.516"},{"key":"S1355617708090036_ref3","volume-title":"Brief Visuospatial Memory Test\u2014Revised","author":"Benedict","year":"1997"},{"key":"S1355617708090036_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7205\/MILMED.172.4.359"},{"key":"S1355617708090036_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra042083"},{"key":"S1355617708090036_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01688639708403870"},{"key":"S1355617708090036_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02699050600773276"},{"key":"S1355617708090036_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540260310001606728"},{"key":"S1355617708090036_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa072972"},{"key":"S1355617708090036_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.298.18.2141"},{"key":"S1355617708090036_ref36","volume-title":"The Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Test Battery","author":"Reitan","year":"1985"},{"key":"S1355617708090036_ref48","volume-title":"Wechsler Test of Adult Reading","author":"Wechsler","year":"2001"},{"key":"S1355617708090036_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20031"},{"key":"S1355617708090036_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-4-5"},{"key":"S1355617708090036_ref42","first-page":"214","volume-title":"Traumatic stress: The effects of overwhelming experience on mind, body, and society","author":"van der Kolk","year":"1996"},{"key":"S1355617708090036_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/026990598122007"},{"key":"S1355617708090036_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617705050277"},{"key":"S1355617708090036_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199603001-00023"},{"key":"S1355617708090036_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02699050010009559"},{"key":"S1355617708090036_ref10","volume-title":"California Verbal Learning Test, (2nd ed.)","author":"Delis","year":"2000"},{"key":"S1355617708090036_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0894-4105.9.1.80"},{"key":"S1355617708090036_ref18","volume-title":"Medical symptom validity test for windows: User\u2019s manual and program","author":"Green","year":"2003"},{"key":"S1355617708090036_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-483X(97)03652-4"},{"key":"S1355617708090036_ref21","volume-title":"Comprehensive norms for an expanded Halstead\u2013Reitan Battery","author":"Heaton","year":"1991"},{"key":"S1355617708090036_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20258"},{"key":"S1355617708090036_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1097\/00001199-199309000-00010","article-title":"Definition of mild traumatic brain injury: Report from the Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Committee of the Head Injury Interdisciplinary Special Interest Group of the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine","volume":"8","author":"Kay","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation"},{"key":"S1355617708090036_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.9.1.18","article-title":"Posttraumatic stress disorder in patients with traumatic brain injury and amnesia for the event?","volume":"9","author":"Warden","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences"},{"key":"S1355617708090036_ref39","first-page":"67","article-title":"Blast injuries: Evaluating and treating the postacute sequelae","volume":"22","author":"Scott","year":"2005","journal-title":"Federal Practitioner"},{"key":"S1355617708090036_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.10.3.308"},{"key":"S1355617708090036_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.05.025"},{"key":"S1355617708090036_ref46","unstructured":"Weathers F.W. , Huska J.A. , & Keane T.M . (1991). PCL-C for DSM-IV. Boston: National Center for PTSD\u2014Behavioral Science Division."},{"key":"S1355617708090036_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.116.3.448"},{"key":"S1355617708090036_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-483X(97)03651-2"},{"key":"S1355617708090036_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001199-200108000-00005"},{"key":"S1355617708090036_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2990.1995.tb01073.x"},{"key":"S1355617708090036_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2007.8"},{"key":"S1355617708090036_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(03)00287-9"}],"container-title":["Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1355617708090036","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,6]],"date-time":"2019-04-06T16:22:12Z","timestamp":1554567732000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S1355617708090036\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S1355617708090036"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1355617708090036","relation":{},"ISSN":["1355-6177","1469-7661"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1355-6177","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-7661","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]}}}