{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T17:21:20Z","timestamp":1770744080982,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,22]],"date-time":"2011-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1300752000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Int Neuropsychol Soc"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Deficits in executive function (EF) are reported to occur in individuals with Klinefelter syndrome (XXY). The degree of impairment, if any, is variable and the nature of these deficits has not been clearly elucidated in young males. In this report, we (a) examine EF skills using multiple tasks in a non-clinic referred group of youth with XXY, (b) describe the extent of EF weaknesses in XXY when this group is compared with typical males of a similar SES or typical males with similar verbal abilities, and (c) evaluate the contribution of comorbid attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) to EF skills. The sample included 27 males with XXY (ages 9\u201325), 27 typically developing age- and vocabulary-matched males, and 22 age- and socioeconomic status-matched males. EF tasks included Verbal Fluency, the Trail Making Test, and the CANTAB Spatial Working Memory and Stockings of Cambridge tasks. Mixed model analysis of variance was used to compare the groups on EF tasks and revealed a main effect of group but no group by task interaction. Overall, the XXY group performed less well than both control groups, but performance did not differ significantly as a function of task. ADHD comorbidity in males with XXY was related to poorer EF skills. (<jats:italic>JINS<\/jats:italic>, 2011,<jats:italic>17<\/jats:italic>, 522\u2013530)<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1355617711000312","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,22]],"date-time":"2011-03-22T11:12:18Z","timestamp":1300792338000},"page":"522-530","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Executive Function in Young Males with Klinefelter (XXY) Syndrome with and without Comorbid Attention-Deficit\/Hyperactivity Disorder"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Nancy Raitano","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gregory L.","family":"Wallace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liv S.","family":"Clasen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rhoshel K.","family":"Lenroot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan D.","family":"Blumenthal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samantha L.","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark J.","family":"Celano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jay N.","family":"Giedd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1355617711000312_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1097\/CHI.0b013e31819f2715","article-title":"Anatomical brain magnetic resonance imaging of typically developing children and adolescents","volume":"48","author":"Giedd","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"S1355617711000312_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/494645"},{"key":"S1355617711000312_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-021491"},{"key":"S1355617711000312_ref35","first-page":"1","article-title":"Edinburgh study of growth and development of children with sex chromosome abnormalities. IV","volume":"26","author":"Ratcliffe","year":"1990","journal-title":"Birth Defects Original Articles Series"},{"key":"S1355617711000312_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.30163"},{"key":"S1355617711000312_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320600503"},{"key":"S1355617711000312_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002221949602900208"},{"key":"S1355617711000312_ref51","volume-title":"Wechsler abbreviated scale of intelligence","author":"Wechsler","year":"1999"},{"key":"S1355617711000312_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0093-934X(75)80070-8"},{"key":"S1355617711000312_ref28","unstructured":"Kaufman J.B. , Brent D. , Rao U. , Ryan N. (1996). Kiddie-Sads-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL)."},{"key":"S1355617711000312_ref46","first-page":"167","article-title":"Normative data stratified by age and education for two measures of verbal fluency: FAS and animal naming","volume":"14","author":"Tombaugh","year":"1999","journal-title":"Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology"},{"key":"S1355617711000312_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1375\/twin.8.4.376"},{"key":"S1355617711000312_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00354965"},{"key":"S1355617711000312_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3932(03)00061-7"},{"key":"S1355617711000312_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2007.01019.x"},{"key":"S1355617711000312_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intell.2007.12.002"},{"key":"S1355617711000312_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/cogp.1999.0734"},{"key":"S1355617711000312_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-1954"},{"key":"S1355617711000312_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ddrr.84"},{"key":"S1355617711000312_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617703960036"},{"key":"S1355617711000312_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1151148"},{"key":"S1355617711000312_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.81.6.795","article-title":"Oral and written language abilities of XXY boys: Implications for anticipatory guidance","volume":"81","author":"Graham","year":"1988","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"S1355617711000312_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-2969"},{"key":"S1355617711000312_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.32232"},{"key":"S1355617711000312_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-2626(84)90002-2"},{"key":"S1355617711000312_ref32","first-page":"209","article-title":"Sex chromosome abnormalities found among 34,910 newborn children: Results from a 13-year incidence study in Arhus, Denmark","volume":"26","author":"Nielsen","year":"1990","journal-title":"Birth Defects Original Articles Series"},{"key":"S1355617711000312_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-9452(69)80028-6"},{"key":"S1355617711000312_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.66.5.628"},{"key":"S1355617711000312_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1129006"},{"key":"S1355617711000312_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2006.02.020"},{"key":"S1355617711000312_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ddrr.83"},{"key":"S1355617711000312_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320480312"},{"key":"S1355617711000312_ref13","volume-title":"Cambridge neuropsychological test automated battery","year":"1999"},{"key":"S1355617711000312_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617709090481"},{"key":"S1355617711000312_ref29","volume-title":"Neuropsychological assessment","author":"Lezak","year":"2004"},{"key":"S1355617711000312_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ddrr.85"},{"key":"S1355617711000312_ref43","first-page":"119","volume-title":"Sex chromosome aneuploidy: Follow-up studies","volume":"22","author":"Stewart","year":"1986"},{"key":"S1355617711000312_ref45","first-page":"1","article-title":"A psychological study of the personalities of XYY- and XXY-men","volume":"69","author":"Theilgaard","year":"1984","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica"},{"key":"S1355617711000312_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01688638908400910"},{"key":"S1355617711000312_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/10645-000"},{"key":"S1355617711000312_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1994.tb11884.x"},{"key":"S1355617711000312_ref47","volume-title":"A compendium of neuropsychological tests: Administration, norms and commentary","author":"Tombaugh","year":"1998"},{"key":"S1355617711000312_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0191-8869(02)00288-X"},{"key":"S1355617711000312_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-2779(2000)6:2<107::AID-MRDD4>3.0.CO;2-2"},{"key":"S1355617711000312_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01380.x"},{"key":"S1355617711000312_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01071315"},{"key":"S1355617711000312_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617701744013"},{"key":"S1355617711000312_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2008.02.001"},{"key":"S1355617711000312_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1490"},{"key":"S1355617711000312_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.121.1.65"},{"key":"S1355617711000312_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200403000-00006"},{"key":"S1355617711000312_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x","article-title":"Controlling the false discovery rate: A practical and powerful approach to multiple testing","volume":"57","author":"Benjamini","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of the Royal Statistical Society"},{"key":"S1355617711000312_ref14","volume-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences","author":"Cohen","year":"1988"}],"container-title":["Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1355617711000312","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]],"date-time":"2025-03-04T16:55:54Z","timestamp":1741107354000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S1355617711000312\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,22]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S1355617711000312"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1355617711000312","relation":{},"ISSN":["1355-6177","1469-7661"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1355-6177","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-7661","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,22]]}}}