{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T12:23:53Z","timestamp":1788870233867,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,30]],"date-time":"2016-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1472515200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Int Neuropsychol Soc"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Objectives:<\/jats:bold>The current study examined neuropsychological performance among children with spina bifida (SB) to determine biological and functional correlates of distinct \u201cprofiles\u201d of cognitive functioning.<jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>A total of 95 children with SB myelomeningocele (ages, 8\u201315 years) completed a neuropsychological assessment battery. Hierarchical and non-hierarchical cluster analyses were used to identify and confirm a cluster solution. Hypothesized predictors of cluster membership included lesion level, number of shunt surgeries, history of seizures, age, ethnicity, socio-economic status, and family stress. Outcomes included independence, academic success, expectations for the future, and quality of life.<jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>Ward\u2019s cluster method indicated a three-cluster solution, and was replicated with two other cluster analytic methods. The following labels were applied to the clusters: \u201caverage to low average\u201d (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=39), \u201cextremely low to borderline\u201d (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=27), and \u201cbroadly average with verbal strength\u201d (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=29). Socio-econimc status, lesion level, and seizure history significantly predicted group membership. Cluster membership significantly predicted independence, academic success, parent expectations for the future, and child reported physical quality of life.<jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold>Findings from this study suggest qualitatively different cognitive profiles exist among children with SB, and the relevance of neuropsychological functioning for day-to-day adaptive functioning and quality of life. Clinical implications and future research are discussed. (<jats:italic>JINS<\/jats:italic>, 2016,<jats:italic>22<\/jats:italic>, 804\u2013815)<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1355617716000680","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,30]],"date-time":"2016-08-30T10:36:25Z","timestamp":1472553385000},"page":"804-815","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Profiles of Neuropsychological Functioning in Children and Adolescents with Spina Bifida: Associations with Biopsychosocial Predictors and Functional Outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Rachel M.","family":"Wasserman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grayson N.","family":"Holmbeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1355617716000680_ref4","first-page":"554","volume-title":"Handbook of neurodevelopmental and genetic disorders in children","author":"Argento","year":"2011"},{"key":"S1355617716000680_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1981.00510100035004"},{"key":"S1355617716000680_ref1","volume-title":"Manual for the ASEBA school-age forms and profiles","author":"Achenbach","year":"2001"},{"key":"S1355617716000680_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2003.029058"},{"key":"S1355617716000680_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsq001"},{"key":"S1355617716000680_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0167.34.4.456"},{"key":"S1355617716000680_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0894-4105.15.2.185"},{"key":"S1355617716000680_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/17.4.445"},{"key":"S1355617716000680_ref47","unstructured":"Nowicki S. 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