{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T22:56:36Z","timestamp":1793660196297,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,22]],"date-time":"2020-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1579651200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Int Neuropsychol Soc"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S1355617719001449_as1\" sec-type=\"other\"><jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Relative to dementia, little is known about informant bias in mild cognitive impairment (MCI). We investigated the influence of informant demographic and relational characteristics on reports of everyday functioning using the Functional Activities Questionnaire (FAQ).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1355617719001449_as2\" sec-type=\"other\"><jats:title>Method:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Four thousand two hundred eighty-four MCI participants and their informants from the National Alzheimer\u2019s Coordinating Center Uniform Data Set were included. Informants were stratified according to cohabitation, relationship, visit frequency, race\/ethnicity, education, and sex. Informant-rated Mean FAQ score was compared across these groups using univariate general linear model analyses and <jats:italic>post hoc<\/jats:italic> tests. Interactions were tested between informant variables. The predictive contribution of informant variables to FAQ score was explored using hierarchical linear regression. Analyses covaried for participant cognition using a cognitive composite score, and for participant age, sex, and depression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1355617719001449_as3\" sec-type=\"other\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>After controlling for participant cognition, depression, age, and sex, informant-rated FAQ scores varied significantly across all informant variables (<jats:italic>p\u2019s<\/jats:italic> &lt; .005, <jats:italic>\u03b7<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub><jats:sup><jats:italic>2<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup><jats:italic>\u2019s<\/jats:italic> \u2264 .033) except sex and visit frequency. FAQ scores were higher (more impaired) among informants who cohabitate with the participant, among paid caregivers, spouses, and adult children, and among informants with higher levels of education. Scores were lowest (less impaired) among Black\/African American informants as compared to all other racial\/ethnic groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1355617719001449_as4\" sec-type=\"other\"><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Demographic and relational characteristics of informants influence the perception and reporting of instrumental activities of daily living in adults with MCI. As everyday functioning is crucial for differential diagnosis and treatment outcome measurement, it is important to be aware of sources of informant report discrepancies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1355617719001449","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,22]],"date-time":"2020-01-22T07:17:24Z","timestamp":1579677444000},"page":"503-514","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["Informant Reporting in Mild Cognitive Impairment: Sources of Discrepancy on the Functional Activities Questionnaire"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3595-1418","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katherine","family":"Hackett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Mis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah A.G.","family":"Drabick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5661-152X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tania","family":"Giovannetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1355617719001449_ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2015.06.1893"},{"key":"S1355617719001449_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.14835"},{"key":"S1355617719001449_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2009.04.1234"},{"key":"S1355617719001449_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.58.12.1985"},{"key":"S1355617719001449_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.wad.0000213865.09806.92"},{"key":"S1355617719001449_ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1999.tb04578.x"},{"key":"S1355617719001449_ref56","volume-title":"The Halstead Reitan Neuropsychological Test: Theory and clinical interpretation","author":"Reitan","year":"1993"},{"key":"S1355617719001449_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/56.2.P78"},{"key":"S1355617719001449_ref55","volume-title":"Designing and conducting survey research","author":"Rea","year":"1992"},{"key":"S1355617719001449_ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WAD.0b013e3181e2fc84"},{"key":"S1355617719001449_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.13070"},{"key":"S1355617719001449_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2018.02.018"},{"key":"S1355617719001449_ref40","volume-title":"National Alzheimer\u2019s coordinating center: NACC uniform data set (UDS) coding guidebook for initial visit packet","author":"Morris","year":"2008"},{"key":"S1355617719001449_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-16-0133"},{"key":"S1355617719001449_ref52","first-page":"22","article-title":"Outcomes assessment in clinical trials of Alzheimer\u2019s disease and its precursors: Readying for short-term and long-term clinical trial needs","volume":"14","author":"Posner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Innovations in Clinical Neuroscience"},{"key":"S1355617719001449_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000107335"},{"key":"S1355617719001449_ref37","first-page":"123","article-title":"Examination of variables that may affect the relationship between cognition and functional status in individuals with mild cognitive impairment: A meta-analysis","volume":"31","author":"Mcalister","year":"2016","journal-title":"Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology"},{"key":"S1355617719001449_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13854046.2013.876101"},{"key":"S1355617719001449_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WAD.0b013e318192e94d"},{"key":"S1355617719001449_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.2007.19.3.249"},{"key":"S1355617719001449_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00755796"},{"key":"S1355617719001449_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2011.57"},{"key":"S1355617719001449_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31827debfe"},{"key":"S1355617719001449_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2190\/3GG6-8YV1-ECJG-8XWN"},{"key":"S1355617719001449_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0891988713481266"},{"key":"S1355617719001449_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.39.9.1159","article-title":"The consortium to establish a registry for Alzheimer\u2019s disease (CERAD). 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