{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T20:47:13Z","timestamp":1786999633564,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,16]],"date-time":"2020-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592265600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Int Neuropsychol Soc"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1355617720000594_as1\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In response to advancing clinical practice guidelines regarding concussion management, service members, like athletes, complete a baseline assessment prior to participating in high-risk activities. While several studies have established test stability in athletes, no investigation to date has examined the stability of baseline assessment scores in military cadets. The objective of this study was to assess the test\u2013retest reliability of a baseline concussion test battery in cadets at U.S. Service Academies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1355617720000594_as2\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      All cadets participating in the Concussion Assessment, Research, and Education (CARE) Consortium investigation completed a standard baseline battery that included memory, balance, symptom, and neurocognitive assessments. Annual baseline testing was completed during the first 3 years of the study. A two-way mixed-model analysis of variance (intraclass correlation coefficent (ICC)\n                      <jats:sub>3,1<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) and Kappa statistics were used to assess the stability of the metrics at 1-year and 2-year time intervals.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1355617720000594_as3\">\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ICC values for the 1-year test interval ranged from 0.28 to 0.67 and from 0.15 to 0.57 for the 2-year interval. Kappa values ranged from 0.16 to 0.21 for the 1-year interval and from 0.29 to 0.31 for the 2-year test interval. Across all measures, the observed effects were small, ranging from 0.01 to 0.44.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1355617720000594_as4\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This investigation noted less than optimal reliability for the most common concussion baseline assessments. While none of the assessments met or exceeded the accepted clinical threshold, the effect sizes were relatively small suggesting an overlap in performance from year-to-year. As such, baseline assessments beyond the initial evaluation in cadets are not essential but could aid concussion diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1355617720000594","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,16]],"date-time":"2020-06-16T04:26:57Z","timestamp":1592281617000},"page":"23-34","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Test\u2013Retest Reliability of Concussion Baseline Assessments in United States Service Academy Cadets: A Report from the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA)\u2013Department of Defense (DoD) CARE Consortium"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3140-0966","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Megan N.","family":"Houston","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn L.","family":"Van Pelt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"D\u2019Lauro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel M.","family":"Brodeur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darren E.","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerald T.","family":"McGinty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan C.","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tim F.","family":"Kelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen Y.","family":"Peck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven J.","family":"Svoboda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas W.","family":"McAllister","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael A.","family":"McCrea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven P.","family":"Broglio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth L.","family":"Cameron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1355617720000594_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-802387-7.00027-5"},{"key":"S1355617720000594_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/02793695-20100108-02"},{"key":"S1355617720000594_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.7679"},{"key":"S1355617720000594_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/arclin\/act040"},{"key":"S1355617720000594_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-52.6.03"},{"key":"S1355617720000594_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-49.1.07"},{"key":"S1355617720000594_ref12","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 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