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This puts adaptive plasticity in speech perception in an interesting position with regard to developmental dyslexia inasmuch as dyslexia impacts speech processing and may involve dysfunction in neurobiological systems hypothesized to be involved in adaptive plasticity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1355617720000661_as2\"><jats:title>Method:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Here, we examined typical young adult listeners (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>= 17), and those with dyslexia (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>= 16), as they reported the identity of native-language monosyllabic spoken words to which signal processing had been applied to create a systematic acoustic distortion. During training, all participants experienced incremental signal distortion increases to mildly distorted speech along with orthographic and auditory feedback indicating word identity following response across a brief, 250-trial training block. During pretest and posttest phases, no feedback was provided to participants.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1355617720000661_as3\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Word recognition across severely distorted speech was poor at pretest and equivalent across groups. Training led to improved word recognition for the most severely distorted speech at posttest, with evidence that adaptive plasticity generalized to support recognition of new tokens not previously experienced under distortion. However, training-related recognition gains for listeners with dyslexia were significantly less robust than for control listeners.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1355617720000661_as4\"><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Less efficient adaptive plasticity to speech distortions may impact the ability of individuals with dyslexia to deal with variability arising from sources like acoustic noise and foreign-accented speech.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1355617720000661","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,7]],"date-time":"2020-08-07T04:34:22Z","timestamp":1596774862000},"page":"12-22","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Adaptive Plasticity Under Adverse Listening Conditions is Disrupted in Developmental Dyslexia"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7899-3044","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yafit","family":"Gabay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lori L.","family":"Holt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1355617720000661_ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)99001-2"},{"key":"S1355617720000661_ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/001872088502700404"},{"key":"S1355617720000661_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2016.06.012"},{"key":"S1355617720000661_ref52","volume-title":"The Nelson-Denny Reading Test: Vocabulary-Com-prehension-Rate","author":"Nelson","year":"1960"},{"key":"S1355617720000661_ref34","first-page":"1048","article-title":"Adaptive plasticity in speech perception: effects of external information and internal predictions","volume":"42","author":"Guediche","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance"},{"key":"S1355617720000661_ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-6080(98)00066-5"},{"key":"S1355617720000661_ref88","first-page":"363","volume-title":"The Neural Bases of Multisensory Processes","author":"Vroomen","year":"2012"},{"key":"S1355617720000661_ref51","first-page":"5","article-title":"Motor sequence learning in Dyslexia: is consolidation the key?","volume":"63","author":"Needle","year":"2015","journal-title":"BPA-Applied Psychology Bulletin (Bollettino di Psicologia Applicata)"},{"key":"S1355617720000661_ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-psych-122216-011555"},{"key":"S1355617720000661_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2015.07.006"},{"key":"S1355617720000661_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-001-0969-5"},{"key":"S1355617720000661_ref81","volume-title":"TOWRE: Test of Word Reading Efficiency","author":"Torgesen","year":"1999"},{"key":"S1355617720000661_ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/APP.71.6.1207"},{"key":"S1355617720000661_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2012.05.021"},{"key":"S1355617720000661_ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2005.07.009"},{"key":"S1355617720000661_ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17470210701508822"},{"key":"S1355617720000661_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9780857020987.n5"},{"key":"S1355617720000661_ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200111160-00046"},{"key":"S1355617720000661_ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2004.061093"},{"key":"S1355617720000661_ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1360641797001366"},{"key":"S1355617720000661_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1515\/9783110422658-008","article-title":"Flexible and adaptive processes in speech perception","volume":"22","author":"Guediche","year":"2017","journal-title":"The Speech Processing Lexicon: Neurocognitive and Behavioural Approaches"},{"key":"S1355617720000661_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1515793"},{"key":"S1355617720000661_ref54","volume-title":"Dyslexia, Learning, and the Brain","author":"Nicolson","year":"2010"},{"key":"S1355617720000661_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1416.016"},{"key":"S1355617720000661_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-0285(03)00006-9"},{"key":"S1355617720000661_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13803395.2011.633499"},{"key":"S1355617720000661_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Altmann, G.T. , & Young, D. 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