{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T01:24:13Z","timestamp":1779326653872,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,2]],"date-time":"2022-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643760000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Int Neuropsychol Soc"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S1355617721001491_as1\"><jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Having attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a risk factor for concussion that impacts concussion diagnosis and recovery. The relationship between ADHD and repetitive subconcussive head impacts on neurocognitive and behavioral outcomes is less well known. This study evaluated the role of ADHD as a moderator of the association between repetitive head impacts on neurocognitive test performance and behavioral concussion symptoms over the course of an athletic season.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1355617721001491_as2\"><jats:title>Method:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Study participants included 284 male athletes aged 13\u201318 years who participated in high school football. Parents completed the Strengths and Weaknesses of ADHD Symptoms and Normal Behavior (SWAN) ratings about their teen athlete before the season began. Head impacts were measured using an accelerometer worn during all practices and games. Athletes and parents completed behavioral ratings of concussion symptoms and the Attention Network Task (ANT), Digital Trail Making Task (dTMT), and Cued Task Switching Task at pre- and post-season.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1355617721001491_as3\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mixed model analyses indicated that neither head impacts nor ADHD symptoms were associated with post-season athlete- or parent-reported concussion symptom ratings or neurocognitive task performance. Moreover, no relationships between head impact exposure and neurocognitive or behavioral outcomes emerged when severity of pre-season ADHD symptoms was included as a moderator.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1355617721001491_as4\"><jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Athletes\u2019 pre-season ADHD symptoms do not appear to influence behavioral or neurocognitive outcomes following a single season of competitive football competition. Results are interpreted in light of several study limitations (e.g., single season, assessment of constructs) that may have impacted this study\u2019s pattern of largely null results.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1355617721001491","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,2]],"date-time":"2022-02-02T08:08:31Z","timestamp":1643789311000},"page":"24-34","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The Effects of Attention-Deficit\/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms on the Association between Head Impacts and Post-Season Neurocognitive and Behavioral Outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2757-6547","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James D.","family":"Lynch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Megan E.","family":"Narad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jed 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