{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T17:33:52Z","timestamp":1790876032416,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]],"date-time":"2024-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731974400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Int Neuropsychol Soc"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S1355617724000626_as1\"><jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Traumatic brain injury (TBI), mental health conditions (e.g., posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD]), and vascular comorbidities (e.g., hypertension, diabetes) are highly prevalent in the Veteran population and may exacerbate age-related changes to cerebral white matter (WM). Our study examined (1) relationships between health conditions\u2014TBI history, PTSD, and vascular risk\u2014and cerebral WM micro- and macrostructure, and (2) associations between WM measures and cognition.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1355617724000626_as2\"><jats:title>Method:<\/jats:title><jats:p>We analyzed diffusion tensor images from 183 older male Veterans (mean age = 69.18; SD = 3.61) with (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 95) and without (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 88) a history of TBI using tractography. Generalized linear models examined associations between health conditions and diffusion metrics. Total WM hyperintensity (WMH) volume was calculated from fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images. Robust regression examined associations between health conditions and WMH volume. Finally, elastic net regularized regression examined associations between WM measures and cognitive performance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1355617724000626_as3\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Veterans with and without TBI did not differ in severity of PTSD or vascular risk (p\u2019s &gt;0.05). TBI history, PTSD, and vascular risk were independently associated with poorer WM microstructural organization (p\u2019s &lt;0.5, corrected), however the effects of vascular risk were more numerous and widespread. Vascular risk was positively associated with WMH volume (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.004, <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>=0.200, <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> = 0.034). Higher WMH volume predicted poorer processing speed (<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> = 0.052).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1355617724000626_as4\"><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Relative to TBI history and PTSD, vascular risk may be more robustly associated with WM micro- and macrostructure. Furthermore, greater WMH burden is associated with poorer processing speed. Our study supports the importance of vascular health interventions in mitigating negative brain aging outcomes in Veterans.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1355617724000626","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]],"date-time":"2024-11-19T05:43:04Z","timestamp":1731994984000},"page":"923-934","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Traumatic brain injury, posttraumatic stress disorder, and vascular risk are independently associated with white matter aging in Vietnam-Era veterans"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4316-7719","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Makenna B.","family":"McGill","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7437-5409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandra L.","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7472-2853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David M.","family":"Schnyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"for the Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1355617724000626_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0882-7974.22.3.558"},{"key":"S1355617724000626_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1742395318785237"},{"key":"S1355617724000626_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.22117"},{"key":"S1355617724000626_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.109.547877"},{"key":"S1355617724000626_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2017.1658"},{"key":"S1355617724000626_ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0236418"},{"key":"S1355617724000626_ref70","unstructured":"Schmidt, P. 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