{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,15]],"date-time":"2026-11-15T02:50:34Z","timestamp":1794711034675,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]],"date-time":"2025-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737590400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Int Neuropsychol Soc"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S1355617724000651_as1\"><jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mean levels of cognitive functioning typically do not show an association with self-reported cognitive fatigue in persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS), but some studies indicate that <jats:italic>cognitive variability<\/jats:italic> has an association with cognitive fatigue. Additionally, coping has been shown to be a powerful moderator of some outcomes in multiple sclerosis (MS). To date, however, coping has not been considered as a possible moderator of the relationship between cognitive fatigue and cognitive <jats:italic>variability<\/jats:italic> in MS. The current study examined this relationship.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1355617724000651_as2\"><jats:title>Method:<\/jats:title><jats:p>We examined 52 PwMS. All participants were administered the Fatigue Impact Scale, the Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced Questionnaire, and cognitive tests. Indices of variability for memory and attention\/executive functioning tests were used as outcome variables. Avoidant coping, active coping, and composite coping indices were used as moderators.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1355617724000651_as3\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The interaction analyses for the avoidant coping and composite coping indices were significant and accounted for 8 and 11% of the attention\/executive functioning variability outcome, respectively. The interactions revealed that at low levels of cognitive fatigue, attention\/executive functioning variability was comparable between the low and high avoidant and composite coping groups. However, at high levels of cognitive fatigue, PwMS using lower levels of avoidant coping (less maladaptive coping) showed less variable attention\/executive functioning scores compared with those using higher levels of avoidant coping. We found a similar pattern for the composite coping groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1355617724000651_as4\"><jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title><jats:p>At high levels of cognitive fatigue, PwMS using adaptive coping showed less attention\/executive functioning variability. These findings should be considered in the context of treatment implications.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1355617724000651","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]],"date-time":"2025-01-23T02:00:03Z","timestamp":1737597603000},"page":"157-163","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Coping is a moderator of relationships between cognitive fatigue and cognitive variability in multiple sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2232-5362","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter A.","family":"Arnett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Pennsylvania State University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaitlin E.","family":"Riegler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Princeton Neuropsychology and the Sports Concussion Center of New Jersey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8966-6498","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Garrett","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Pennsylvania State University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan L.","family":"Bradson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Pennsylvania State University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"McKenna","family":"Sakamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Pennsylvania State University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dede U.","family":"O\u2019Shea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMass Chan Medical School"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1355617724000651_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617719000882"},{"key":"S1355617724000651_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.56.2.267"},{"key":"S1355617724000651_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13803395.2015.1012486"},{"key":"S1355617724000651_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2004.054635"},{"key":"S1355617724000651_ref26","volume-title":"Manual for the brief repeatable battery of neuropsychological tests in multiple sclerosis","author":"Rao","year":"1990"},{"key":"S1355617724000651_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0317167100048691"},{"key":"S1355617724000651_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(17)30470-2"},{"key":"S1355617724000651_ref3","first-page":"456","volume-title":"The Neuropsychology of Everyday Functioning","author":"Arnett","year":"2022"},{"key":"S1355617724000651_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1993.tb04073.x"},{"key":"S1355617724000651_ref37","volume-title":"Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale--Third Edition","author":"Wechsler","year":"1997"},{"key":"S1355617724000651_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2023.105017"},{"key":"S1355617724000651_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617714000587"},{"key":"S1355617724000651_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0016064"},{"key":"S1355617724000651_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13803390490918318"},{"key":"S1355617724000651_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.55.6.919"},{"key":"S1355617724000651_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102301"},{"key":"S1355617724000651_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandc.2014.01.004"},{"key":"S1355617724000651_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2011.03.007"},{"key":"S1355617724000651_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7224\/1537-2073.2016-059"},{"key":"S1355617724000651_ref4","volume-title":"Brief Visuospatial Memory Test - 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