{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T21:39:00Z","timestamp":1793223540865,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"5-6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]],"date-time":"2025-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755475200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":78,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Int Neuropsychol Soc"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1355617725101069_as1\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite recent attention to the increased risk of cognitive impairment in older adults with essential tremor (ET), there are only limited data on the trajectories of cognitive change in ET or the demographic and motor predictors of such change.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1355617725101069_as2\">\n                    <jats:title>Method:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study included 148 cognitively normal individuals with ET (mean age = 76.7 \u00b1 9.7 years) at baseline and had at least one follow-up evaluation (mean years of observation = 5.2 \u00b1 1.6). Generalized Estimating Equations examined rates of change in six composite cognitive outcomes as a function of time, as well as demographic (age, sex, and education) and motor predictors (tremor severity, age of tremor onset, presence of rest tremor, cranial tremor, intention tremor, tandem gait) of rates of change. Demographics, medication use, and mood symptoms at baseline were covariates for all models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1355617725101069_as3\">\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Participants evidenced a decline in global cognition, executive function, and attention (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>\n                        <jats:italic>range<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:sub>\n                      = &lt;0.001\u20130.044) over time. Older age predicted faster decline in all cognitive outcomes except attention (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>\n                        <jats:italic>range<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>=<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.001\u20130.025). Tremor severity predicted faster decline in executive function (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.011). Rest tremor predicted faster decline in executive function and attention (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.033, 0.017). Tandem gait missteps predicted faster decline in memory and visuospatial ability (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.026, 0.028).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1355617725101069_as4\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Results point to a dissociation in the predictive value of different motor features for specific aspects of cognitive decline. These results shed light on the earliest manifestations of cognitive impairment in older adults with ET and implicate different pathways by which heterogeneous cognitive changes emerge.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1355617725101069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]],"date-time":"2025-08-18T08:07:47Z","timestamp":1755504467000},"page":"441-450","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Cognitive trajectories in older adults with essential tremor"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-9469-8082","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samantha A.","family":"Dargie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Columbia University Irving Medical Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Chapman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Columbia University Irving Medical Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Rizer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Columbia University Irving Medical Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Ghanem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diane S.","family":"Berry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward D.","family":"Huey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brown University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elan D.","family":"Louis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center"},{"name":"University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Cosentino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Columbia University Irving Medical Center"},{"name":"Columbia University Irving Medical Center"},{"name":"Columbia University Irving Medical Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1355617725101069_ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-1331.2002.00341.x"},{"key":"S1355617725101069_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/arclin\/acp105"},{"key":"S1355617725101069_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23144"},{"key":"S1355617725101069_ref72","volume-title":"Manual for the Wechsler adult intelligence scale","author":"Wechsler","year":"1997"},{"key":"S1355617725101069_ref75","unstructured":"Kaplan, E. , Goodglass, H. , & Weintraub, S. (1983). Boston naming test. Lea & Febiger."},{"key":"S1355617725101069_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12311-009-0111-y"},{"key":"S1355617725101069_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Louis, E. D. , & Rao, A. K. (2015). Tandem gait performance in essential tremor patients correlates with cognitive function. Cerebellum and Ataxias, 1(1).","DOI":"10.1186\/s40673-014-0019-2"},{"key":"S1355617725101069_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.56.7.841"},{"key":"S1355617725101069_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1555115","article-title":"The impact of age on cognition","volume":"36","author":"Murman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Seminars in Hearing"},{"key":"S1355617725101069_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617719001140"},{"key":"S1355617725101069_ref66","volume-title":"Symbol digit modalities test","author":"Smith","year":"1982"},{"key":"S1355617725101069_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000109681"},{"key":"S1355617725101069_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1756285613489591"},{"key":"S1355617725101069_ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5334\/tohm.179"},{"key":"S1355617725101069_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jutten, R. J. , Grandoit, E. , Foldi, N. S. , Sikkes, S. A. M. , Jones, R. N. , Choi, S. , Lamar, M. L. , Louden, D. K. N. , Rich, J. , Tommet, D. , Crane, P. K. , & Rabin, L. A. (2020). Lower practice effects as a marker of cognitive performance and dementia risk: A literature review. Alzheimer\u2019s & Dementia: Diagnosis, Assessment & Disease Monitoring, 12(1).","DOI":"10.1002\/dad2.12055"},{"key":"S1355617725101069_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2019.02.038"},{"key":"S1355617725101069_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21553"},{"key":"S1355617725101069_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2015.08.034"},{"key":"S1355617725101069_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5334\/tohm.198"},{"key":"S1355617725101069_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2011-101572"},{"key":"S1355617725101069_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2021.102725"},{"key":"S1355617725101069_ref76","volume-title":"Contributions to neuropsychological assessment","author":"Benton","year":"1994"},{"key":"S1355617725101069_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004150170181"},{"key":"S1355617725101069_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.57.5.785"},{"key":"S1355617725101069_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13803390701754738"},{"key":"S1355617725101069_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci13121683"},{"key":"S1355617725101069_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2022.911559"},{"key":"S1355617725101069_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617718000747"},{"key":"S1355617725101069_ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181b389f1"},{"key":"S1355617725101069_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.650601"},{"key":"S1355617725101069_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120323"},{"key":"S1355617725101069_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1529100620920576"},{"key":"S1355617725101069_ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/CON.0000000000001181"},{"key":"S1355617725101069_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2017.00154"},{"key":"S1355617725101069_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22370"},{"key":"S1355617725101069_ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ane.12752"},{"key":"S1355617725101069_ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awu393"},{"key":"S1355617725101069_ref77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Delis, D. , Kaplan, E. , & Kramer, J. (2001). Delis Kaplan Executive Function System (DKEFS) examiner\u2019s manual. Pearson.","DOI":"10.1037\/t15082-000"},{"key":"S1355617725101069_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617701020124"},{"key":"S1355617725101069_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13854046.2013.836567"},{"key":"S1355617725101069_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0133402"},{"key":"S1355617725101069_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610297004870"},{"key":"S1355617725101069_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5334\/tohm.106"},{"key":"S1355617725101069_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.12399"},{"key":"S1355617725101069_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2010.03122.x"},{"key":"S1355617725101069_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3988\/jcn.2009.5.2.81"},{"key":"S1355617725101069_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870130215"},{"key":"S1355617725101069_ref78","unstructured":"Delis, D. , Kramer, J. , Kaplan, E. , & Ober, B. (2000). California verbal learning test - second edition (CVLT - II). Psychological Corporation."},{"key":"S1355617725101069_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.53221.x"},{"key":"S1355617725101069_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682-021-00515-7"},{"key":"S1355617725101069_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2012.02.008"},{"key":"S1355617725101069_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5334\/tohm.812"},{"key":"S1355617725101069_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/CON.0000000000000748"},{"key":"S1355617725101069_ref7","first-page":"38","article-title":"Impairment in facial recognition in patients with cerebral disease","volume":"93","author":"Benton","year":"1968","journal-title":"Transactions of the American Neurological Association"},{"key":"S1355617725101069_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60544-3"},{"key":"S1355617725101069_ref74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yesavage, J. A. , Brink, T. L. , Rose, T. L. , Virwnia, H. , Adfy, M. , & Leirer, V. O. (1983). Development and validation of a geriatric depression screening scale: A preliminary report. Journal of psychiatric research, 17.","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(82)90033-4"},{"key":"S1355617725101069_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13554790903193216"},{"key":"S1355617725101069_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12311-013-0481-z"},{"key":"S1355617725101069_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Benito-Le\u00f3n, J. , Louis, E. D. , S\u00e1nchez-Ferro, \u00c1. , & Bermejo-Pareja, F. (2013). Rate of cognitive decline during the premotor phase of essential tremor A prospective study. http:\/\/www.ciberned.es\/estudio-nedices.","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318297ef2b"},{"key":"S1355617725101069_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.43.11.2412-a"},{"key":"S1355617725101069_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Benito-Le\u00f3n, J. , Louis, E. D. , & Bermejo-Pareja, F. (2006). Population-based case-control study of cognitive function in essential tremor. https:\/\/www.neurology.org.","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000192393.05850.ec"},{"key":"S1355617725101069_ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7916\/d8-28jq-8t52"},{"key":"S1355617725101069_ref71","volume-title":"Wechsler memory scale - revised","author":"Wechsler","year":"1987"},{"key":"S1355617725101069_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-64123-6.00008-4"},{"key":"S1355617725101069_ref73","volume-title":"Wechsler memory scale","author":"Wechsler","year":"2008"},{"key":"S1355617725101069_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6"},{"key":"S1355617725101069_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5334\/tohm.632"},{"key":"S1355617725101069_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31822b0068"},{"key":"S1355617725101069_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2017.01.024"},{"key":"S1355617725101069_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-022-06037-4"},{"key":"S1355617725101069_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr164"},{"key":"S1355617725101069_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5334\/tohm.230"},{"key":"S1355617725101069_ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/121.4.561"},{"key":"S1355617725101069_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.581703"}],"container-title":["Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1355617725101069","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T03:58:39Z","timestamp":1765943919000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S1355617725101069\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"references-count":74,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5-6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S1355617725101069"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1355617725101069","relation":{},"ISSN":["1355-6177","1469-7661"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1355-6177","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-7661","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}}}