{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T20:46:23Z","timestamp":1786999583030,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"7-8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]],"date-time":"2025-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755820800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":21,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Int Neuropsychol Soc"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1355617725101240_as1\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Stages of Objective Memory Impairment (SOMI) system, based on the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test (FCSRT), is a potential marker of subtle cognitive impairment in cognitively normal persons defined by a Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) = 0. We investigated SOMI\u2019s ability to predict incident cognitive impairment (CDR &gt;0) in combination with demographic features and neuroimaging biomarkers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1355617725101240_as2\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cognitively unimpaired participants (CDR = 0) from the Harvard Aging Brain Study had baseline FCSRT scores, MRI, FDG-PET, and PiB-PET as well as follow-up CDRs for 5 years. Cox proportional hazards models with correction for multiple testing assessed the predictive validity of SOMI and neuroimaging biomarkers for progression (CDR &gt;0). Comprehensive sensitivity analyses examined alternative outcomes and stricter screening criteria.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1355617725101240_as3\">\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Participants (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 231) were 73.7 years (SD = 6.0), 60.2% were female, 29.0% were APOE4 positive, and 54 (23.4%) progressed to CDR &gt;0. At baseline, 67% were SOMI-0, 22% were SOMI-1, 4% were SOMI-2, and 7% were SOMI-3\/4. After multiple testing correction, hazard ratios (HRs) using SOMI-0 as reference were: SOMI-1 = 2.06 (CI: 1.09 \u2013 3.88), SOMI-2 = 2.85 (CI: 1.08 \u2013 7.54), and SOMI-3\/4 = 3.73 (CI: 1.58 \u2013 8.79,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.016). SOMI-3\/4 remained significant across most biomarker models. Entorhinal thickness emerged as the most robust biomarker predictor (HR = 0.57 \u2013 0.65,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2264 0.015). Sensitivity analyses confirmed robustness across alternative outcomes and stricter screening criteria.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1355617725101240_as4\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>SOMI stages predict progression to incident cognitive impairment with SOMI-3\/4 maintaining significance after rigorous multiple testing correction. Entorhinal thickness provides the strongest biomarker enhancement to prediction models. SOMI demonstrates substantial incremental predictive value beyond standard demographic and biomarker predictors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1355617725101240","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]],"date-time":"2025-08-22T04:14:40Z","timestamp":1755836080000},"page":"490-498","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Assessing Stages of Objective Memory Impairment and neuroimaging as risk factors of incident cognitive impairment"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Kellen K.","family":"Petersen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Albert Einstein College of Medicine"},{"name":"Washington University in St Louis"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Ezzati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Albert Einstein College of Medicine"},{"name":"University of California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bhargav T.","family":"Nallapu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Albert Einstein College of Medicine"},{"name":"Technical University of Delft"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard B.","family":"Lipton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Albert Einstein College of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reisa A.","family":"Sperling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn V.","family":"Papp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dorene M.","family":"Rentz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keith A.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical School"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7998-5778","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ellen","family":"Grober","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Albert Einstein College of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1355617725101240_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/87565648709540361"},{"key":"S1355617725101240_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.54.4.827"},{"key":"S1355617725101240_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002604"},{"key":"S1355617725101240_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000431"},{"key":"S1355617725101240_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14283\/jpad.2022.98"},{"key":"S1355617725101240_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000200046"},{"key":"S1355617725101240_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-18325-2"},{"key":"S1355617725101240_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2014.2031"},{"key":"S1355617725101240_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1989.00520470070029"},{"key":"S1355617725101240_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/neu0000833"},{"key":"S1355617725101240_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.48.6.1508"},{"key":"S1355617725101240_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00308809"},{"key":"S1355617725101240_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.03.069"},{"key":"S1355617725101240_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2028-17.2017"},{"key":"S1355617725101240_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43587-023-00410-4"},{"key":"S1355617725101240_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000012108"},{"key":"S1355617725101240_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.58.3.397"},{"key":"S1355617725101240_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000207276"},{"key":"S1355617725101240_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000006075"},{"key":"S1355617725101240_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1988.00520250037015"},{"key":"S1355617725101240_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.01.021"},{"key":"S1355617725101240_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-02988-7"},{"key":"S1355617725101240_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2019.09.074"},{"key":"S1355617725101240_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39335.541782.AD"},{"key":"S1355617725101240_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.43.11.2412-a"},{"key":"S1355617725101240_ref9","first-page":"e12224","article-title":"Neuroimaging correlates of stages of objective memory impairment (SOMI) system","volume":"13","author":"Grober","year":"2021","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s and Dementia: Diagnosis, Assessment and Disease Monitoring"},{"key":"S1355617725101240_ref25","first-page":"36","article-title":"Preclinical, prodromal, and dementia stages of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"19","author":"Scharre","year":"2019","journal-title":"Practical Neurology"},{"key":"S1355617725101240_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.14492"}],"container-title":["Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1355617725101240","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T03:56:30Z","timestamp":1766116590000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S1355617725101240\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7-8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S1355617725101240"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1355617725101240","relation":{},"ISSN":["1355-6177","1469-7661"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1355-6177","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-7661","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}}}