{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T18:19:55Z","timestamp":1785435595498,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"5-6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761091200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":143,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Int Neuropsychol Soc"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1355617725101458_as1\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Healthy sleep contributes to better cognitive functioning in children. This study sought to investigate the role of pre-injury sleep disturbance as a predictor or moderator of cognitive functioning across 6 months post-injury in children with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) or orthopedic injury (OI).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1355617725101458_as2\">\n                    <jats:title>Method:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants were 143 children with mTBI and 74 with OI, aged 8 \u2013 16 years, prospectively recruited from the Emergency Departments of two children\u2019s hospitals in Ohio, USA. Parents rated their children\u2019s pre-injury sleep retrospectively using the Sleep Disorders Inventory for Students. Children completed the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Toolbox Cognition Battery at 10 days and 3 and 6 months post-injury.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1355617725101458_as3\">\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Group differences in both overall performance and reaction time on the Flanker Inhibitory Control and Attention Test varied significantly as a function of the level of pre-injury sleep disturbance as well as time since injury. At the 10 day visit, among children with worse pre-injury sleep, mTBI was associated with slower reaction times relative to OI. Among children with worse pre-injury sleep, those with mTBI improved over time while those with OI did not. Main effects of pre-injury sleep and time since injury were found for several other NIH Toolbox subtests, with poorer performance associated with worse pre-injury sleep and early vs. later timepoints.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1355617725101458_as4\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These results suggest that pre-existing sleep disturbances and mTBI are jointly associated with poorer executive functioning post-injury. Interventions to improve sleep might help mitigate the effects of mTBI on children\u2019s cognitive functioning.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1355617725101458","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T08:26:03Z","timestamp":1761121563000},"page":"406-414","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Pre-injury sleep disturbance as a moderator of cognitive functioning in children and adolescents with mild traumatic brain injury"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-5766-6813","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caroline A.","family":"Luszawski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03yjb2x39","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Calgary"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00gmyvv50","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Alberta Children\u2019s Hospital Research Institute"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03yjb2x39","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Calgary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nori M.","family":"Minich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Case Western Reserve University"},{"name":"University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9035-0853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H. 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