{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T12:04:16Z","timestamp":1790769856273,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781049600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Int Neuropsychol Soc"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1355617726102094_as1\">\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Concussion, a common injury in contact sports, often leads to oculomotor symptoms. The King-Devick (K-D) is a rapid number naming test that evaluates saccadic eye movements, visual tracking, and processing speed. We studied the effects of age and dyslexia status on K-D outcome. The aim was to determine the threshold for a clinically meaningful change in K-D test outcome in adolescent athletes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1355617726102094_as2\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 1506 Finnish athletes (mean age = 16.3, SD = 1.6) were assessed with K-D before the season. Twenty-eight percent (n = 416) participated in two consecutive baseline assessments one year apart, enabling reliable change analysis. Furthermore, results from 28 concussed athletes, assessed using the K-D test 3 days post injury, were compared to their own baseline data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1355617726102094_as3\">\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We found that older athletes were faster in the K-D test, and dyslexic athletes (n = 95) were significantly slower than healthy controls. When evaluated 3 days post-concussion, 54% of the studied athletes were slower in the K-D test as compared to individual baseline. The clinically significant increase in the K-D test time, performed in Finnish, was 4.4 sec. The odds ratio for significantly decreased performance post-concussion was 3.3-fold, as compared to healthy controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1355617726102094_as4\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Age, dyslexia, and spoken language affect K-D test performance, so they should be addressed when clinically using the K-D test. Taking this into account and by using specific thresholds, the K-D test could be a cost-effective method in assessing the athletes\u2019 functional vision both at baseline and after concussion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1355617726102094","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T12:11:08Z","timestamp":1781093468000},"page":"418-426","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["King-Devick test normative values and reliable change analysis for elite Finnish adolescent ice hockey athletes"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-6891-2644","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jouko","family":"Leinonen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05vghhr25","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of 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