{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T15:03:38Z","timestamp":1790175818856,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790121600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Int Neuropsychol Soc"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1355617726102148_as1\">\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>More than two decades ago, normative data for two interference indices (Error Interference Effect, EIE; Time Interference Effect, TIE) from a short form of the Stroop Color\u2013Word Test (SCWT-SF) were established in Italy. The present study aimed to update the normative data for the Italian SCWT-SF by extending the assessment beyond interference indices to include completion times and error counts across the three task conditions, namely Word Reading (W), Color Naming (C), and Color\u2013Word Interference (CW), and to provide evidence supporting its construct validity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1355617726102148_as2\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 317 healthy adults (195 females; age: 62.79 \u00b1 11.97 years,\n                      <jats:italic>range<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 40\u201389; education 13.17 \u00b1 4.03 years,\n                      <jats:italic>range<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 5\u201323) completed the SCWT-SF (3 color; 30 items\n                      <jats:italic>per<\/jats:italic>\n                      condition) and a test battery assessing processing speed (Psychomotor Speed Test; Trail-Making Test \u2013 Part A) and executive functioning (EF) (Saccade and Antisaccade Test; Digit Ordering Test; Trail-Making Test \u2013 Part B). Norms were derived for each SCWT-SF measure using the Equivalent Score method. Correlational analyses explored construct validity.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1355617726102148_as3\">\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Older age and lower education negatively affected SCWT-SF scores. Female sex was associated with lower completion times on C condition. No predictors emerged for errors in W condition. Word-reading and color-naming outcomes were associated with measures of processing speed, while the CW condition and interference indices with tests of inhibitory control, working memory, and set-shifting.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1355617726102148_as4\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We provided updated, regression-based normative data for the Italian SCWT-SF, encompassing individual scores across its three conditions and the original interference indices, and evidence supporting its convergent validity with measures of processing speed and EF.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1355617726102148","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T14:13:15Z","timestamp":1790172795000},"page":"1-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Stroop Color-Word Test \u2013 Short Form (SCWT-SF): Updated norms and validity in an Italian population sample"],"prefix":"10.1017","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2246-5223","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo","family":"Caffarra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00789fa95","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Italian Ministry of Health"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Rasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edoardo Nicol\u00f2","family":"Aiello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Frisco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"De Luca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatrice","family":"Curti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arianna","family":"Moreschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aurora","family":"Corso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Parma"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Difonzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Lorusso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ASST di Lecco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Formenti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ASST di Lecco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Tetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ASST di Lecco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9902-4595","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisa","family":"Di Rosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Padua"},{"name":"IRCCS San Camillo Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4398-2051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbara","family":"Poletti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano"},{"name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadia","family":"Bolognini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Milano-Bicocca"},{"name":"IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Zago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1355617726102148_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2007.05.009"},{"key":"S1355617726102148_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-015-2428-2"},{"key":"S1355617726102148_ref44","first-page":"126","article-title":"Training and Stroop-like interference: Evidence for a continuum of automaticity","volume":"14","author":"MacLeod","year":"1988","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition"},{"key":"S1355617726102148_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/cogp.1999.0734"},{"key":"S1355617726102148_ref64","first-page":"945","article-title":"Lo Stroop test: Uno studio normativo italiano su una versione cartacea per l\u2019uso clinico","volume":"37","author":"Valgimigli","year":"2010","journal-title":"Giornale Italiano di Psicologia"},{"key":"S1355617726102148_ref49","unstructured":"R Core Team. (2024). R: A language and environment for statistical computing (Version 4.4) [Computer software]. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. https:\/\/cran.r-project.org"},{"key":"S1355617726102148_ref9","first-page":"129","article-title":"Trail making test errors in normal aging, mild cognitive impairment, and dementia","volume":"23","author":"Ashendorf","year":"2008","journal-title":"Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology"},{"key":"S1355617726102148_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.09.007"},{"key":"S1355617726102148_ref42","first-page":"1","article-title":"Executive functions interplay: A multidimensional model including different inhibitory processes","author":"L\u00f3pez-Ram\u00f3n","year":"2026","journal-title":"Trends in Psychology"},{"key":"S1355617726102148_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/23279095.2018.1472094"},{"key":"S1355617726102148_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00831566"},{"key":"S1355617726102148_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh045"},{"key":"S1355617726102148_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.5737"},{"key":"S1355617726102148_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12365"},{"key":"S1355617726102148_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0013164490504009"},{"key":"S1355617726102148_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.08.033"},{"key":"S1355617726102148_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2007.03.022"},{"key":"S1355617726102148_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-019-04154-1"},{"key":"S1355617726102148_ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-024-02869-6"},{"key":"S1355617726102148_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-024-07806-z"},{"key":"S1355617726102148_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-021-05683-4"},{"key":"S1355617726102148_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-026-08918-4"},{"key":"S1355617726102148_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-6918(66)90004-7"},{"key":"S1355617726102148_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13854046.2017.1334830"},{"key":"S1355617726102148_ref59","unstructured":"The Jamovi Project. (2024). jamovi (Version 2.6). https:\/\/www.jamovi.org"},{"key":"S1355617726102148_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1991.00530180102024"},{"key":"S1355617726102148_ref14","first-page":"111","article-title":"Una versione abbreviata del test di Stroop: Dati normativi nella popolazione italiana","volume":"12","author":"Caffarra","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nuova Rivista di Neurologia"},{"key":"S1355617726102148_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-021-01943-7"},{"key":"S1355617726102148_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617709090626"},{"key":"S1355617726102148_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000583"},{"key":"S1355617726102148_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0054651"},{"key":"S1355617726102148_ref16","unstructured":"Champely, S. (2020). pwr: Basic functions for power analysis (Version 1.3-0) [Computer software]. Comprehensive R Archive Network. https:\/\/CRAN.R-project.org\/package=pwr"},{"key":"S1355617726102148_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcad049"},{"key":"S1355617726102148_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-022-01056-x"},{"key":"S1355617726102148_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2012.02.005"},{"key":"S1355617726102148_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.72.2.217"},{"key":"S1355617726102148_ref50","volume-title":"The Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Test Battery: Theory and clinical interpretation","author":"Reitan","year":"1985"},{"key":"S1355617726102148_ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2011.08.025"},{"key":"S1355617726102148_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1076\/1380-3395(200008)22:4;1-0;FT518"},{"key":"S1355617726102148_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-021-05416-7"},{"key":"S1355617726102148_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00426-021-01554-x"},{"key":"S1355617726102148_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1076\/1385-4046(200002)14:1;1-8;FT038"},{"key":"S1355617726102148_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4679(199808)54:5<585::AID-JCLP4>3.0.CO;2-K"},{"key":"S1355617726102148_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00207450590958484"},{"key":"S1355617726102148_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617709090730"},{"key":"S1355617726102148_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2004.06.005"},{"key":"S1355617726102148_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.00557"},{"key":"S1355617726102148_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-018-3673-y"},{"key":"S1355617726102148_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-021-10592-9"},{"key":"S1355617726102148_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-021-05392-y"},{"key":"S1355617726102148_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458506070933"},{"key":"S1355617726102148_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0016792"},{"key":"S1355617726102148_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-021-05374-0"},{"key":"S1355617726102148_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2224\/sbp.2006.34.3.309"},{"key":"S1355617726102148_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5395\/rde.2013.38.1.52"},{"key":"S1355617726102148_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/arclin\/acac055"},{"key":"S1355617726102148_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13854046.2020.1722244"},{"key":"S1355617726102148_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-024-07330-0"},{"key":"S1355617726102148_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13803395.2025.2519295"},{"key":"S1355617726102148_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318258f785"},{"key":"S1355617726102148_ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00222895.2016.1250720"},{"key":"S1355617726102148_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.112.1.155"},{"key":"S1355617726102148_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intell.2016.10.002"},{"key":"S1355617726102148_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-024-07756-6"},{"key":"S1355617726102148_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2016.0192"}],"container-title":["Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1355617726102148","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T14:13:18Z","timestamp":1790172798000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S1355617726102148\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]]},"references-count":65,"alternative-id":["S1355617726102148"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1355617726102148","relation":{},"ISSN":["1355-6177","1469-7661"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1355-6177","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-7661","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]]}}}