{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T09:59:43Z","timestamp":1790762383772,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":121,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Int Neuropsychol Soc"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1355617726102197_as1\">\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Digital testing is being regularly used in neuropsychological research. However, critical questions remain regarding its psychometric robustness, availability, and usability, potentially limiting its clinical impact.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1355617726102197_as2\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This systematic review focused on the characteristics of digital tools for assessing attention and executive functions (EFs), two cognitive domains particularly suitable for being digitally tested. A systematic search was performed across three electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Embase). We only included studies performed on adults with validated tools.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1355617726102197_as3\">\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 2,583 identified records, 236 studies met the inclusion criteria. From those, we extracted information about 107 distinct digital tools, ranging from computerized versions of traditional paper-and-pencil tests to emerging technologies such as virtual reality and eye-tracking hybrid systems. Most tools were administered in person (85%), while only 12% involved remote unsupervised assessment. Information on licensing, normative data, or source code availability was reported for approximately one-third of tools (34.9%). Most operated under paid licensing models, and only 6.5% were freely accessible. Only one had also source code available.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1355617726102197_as4\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Several tools are available for assessing attention and EFs; however, most are not widely used. We discuss an imbalance between accessibility and validity whereby standardized batteries are often commercial and not necessarily more validated than less commonly adopted free-access tools. The limited validation of emerging technologies currently prevents their broader implementation. Overall, distinct digital tools offer complementary strengths rather than a single optimal solution. More standardized validation approaches and broader adoption of Open Science practices might support their integration into routine clinical practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1355617726102197","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T09:01:37Z","timestamp":1790758897000},"page":"1-17","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Digital tools for assessing attention and executive functions in adults: a systematic review of validity and accessibility"],"prefix":"10.1017","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-6261-5422","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Livoti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00240q980","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Padua"},{"name":"University of 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