{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T07:24:33Z","timestamp":1769239473738,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,2]],"date-time":"2007-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1167696000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":2498,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Public Health Nutr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S1368980000000100_sec01\"><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To explore the relationships between biochemical indicators of vitamin A and iron status and the intestinal helminths<jats:italic>Ascaris lumbricoides<\/jats:italic>and hookworm in primary school children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980000000100_sec02\"><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two rural governmental schools in northwestern Bangladesh.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980000000100_sec03\"><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cross-sectional study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980000000100_sec04\" sec-type=\"subjects\"><jats:title>Subjects<\/jats:title><jats:p>The sample consisted of 164 children in grades 3\u20135.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980000000100_sec05\" sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Serum retinol and \u03b2-carotene (by high-performance liquid chromatography, HPLC), haemoglobin (HemoCue), ferritin (enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay, ELIZA) and height and weight were measured. Dietary intake of vitamin A was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire and faecal analyses were done using Stoll's egg-count technique.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980000000100_sec06\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The mean serum retinol was 26.8 \u03bcg dl<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>and 20% had a level of &lt;20 \u03bcg dl<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, the cut-off value for low vitamin A status. There was a strong positive association between serum \u03b2-carotene and serum retinol (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>= 0.44,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.001), suggesting those with higher retinol levels had a higher carotene intake. Thirty-one per cent were anaemic (Hb &lt;11.5 g dl<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>), 30% had iron deficiency (serum ferritin &lt;12.0 \u03bcg l<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) and 14% were suffering from iron deficiency anaemia. Children with a serum retinol level of 20 \u03bcg dl<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>had significantly lower ferritin (14.0 compared to 26.0 \u03bcg l<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>= 0.005) and Hb levels (11.7 compared to 12.4 g dl<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>= 0.005) than those with higher levels. The proportion of iron deficiency anaemia was significantly greater among children with hookworm. Our data suggest that hookworm exerts its impact on iron status independently of the vitamin A status of the host.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980000000100_sec07\" sec-type=\"conclusion\"><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Programmes to improve iron status should consider including both vitamin A prevention programmes and deworming.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1368980000000100","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,4]],"date-time":"2008-06-04T16:14:23Z","timestamp":1212596063000},"page":"83-89","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Relationships between vitamin A, iron status and helminthiasis in Bangladeshi school children"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"V","family":"Persson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Gebre-Medhin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T","family":"Greiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1368980000000100_ref018","first-page":"1031","article-title":"The nature and causes of \u2018hookworm anemia\u2019","volume":"15","author":"Roche","year":"1966","journal-title":"Am. 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