{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,4]],"date-time":"2024-09-04T12:20:59Z","timestamp":1725452459889},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,1]],"date-time":"2008-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1199145600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Public Health Nutr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S1368980007000201_abs1\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>Objective and setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>A nationwide study was performed in Cuba to assess vitamin A status and the intake of vitamin-A-providing foods in children aged 6\u201311 years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980007000201_abs2\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>Design and subjects<\/jats:title><jats:p>The sample comprised 1191 schoolchildren from first to sixth grade, both sexes, from municipalities randomly selected from the five eastern provinces of Cuba in 2002 (first semester) and from the four western and four central provinces in 2003 (first semester). A food-frequency questionnaire was completed by 2038 mother-and-child pairs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980007000201_abs3\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mean (\u00b1standard deviation) plasma retinol concentrations were 1.77 \u00b1 0.48 \u03bcmol l<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>in the western, 2.01 \u00b1 0.56 \u03bcmol l<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>in the central and 1.40 \u00b1 0.41 \u03bcmol l<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>in the eastern region. No child had plasma retinol concentration below 0.35 \u03bcmol l<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, indicative of a high risk of clinical deficiency. Subclinical deficiency, plasma retinol concentration of 0.35\u20130.7 \u03bcmol l<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, was seen in &lt;2% of subjects in all three regions and was &lt;5% even in the two provinces with the worst vitamin A status (Guant\u00e1namo, 4.6%; Las Tunas, 3.0%). Adequate status (&gt;1.05 \u03bcmol l<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) was present in &gt;90% of subjects in all western and central provinces, and in one of the eastern provinces (Holgu\u00edn), whereas in the four remaining eastern provinces, adequate status was present in &gt;75%. Only nine fruits and vegetables were consumed frequently (&gt;3 times per week) by &gt;50% of children. Thirty-seven per cent regularly consumed a supplement containing vitamin A.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980007000201_abs4\" sec-type=\"conclusion\"><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Most Cuban children aged 6\u201311 years had adequate vitamin A status. Consumption of foods rich in vitamin and provitamin A, especially vegetables, was frequent but limited to a small variety of foods.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1368980007000201","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,3]],"date-time":"2007-07-03T11:00:47Z","timestamp":1183460447000},"page":"95-101","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Vitamin A status in Cuban children aged 6\u201311 years"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Consuelo","family":"Mac\u00edas-Matos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gisela","family":"Pita-Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Monterrey-Guti\u00e9rrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Reboso-P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1368980007000201_ref3","first-page":"3","article-title":"School age children: their nutrition and health","volume":"25","author":"Drake","year":"2002","journal-title":"SCN News"},{"key":"S1368980007000201_ref5","unstructured":"5 United Nations Children\u2019s Fund. Ending Vitamin A Deficiency: A Challenge to the World [online], February 2001. Available at http:\/\/www.unicef.org\/publications\/files\/Vitamin_A_Goals.pdf. Accessed 2 November 2005."},{"key":"S1368980007000201_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/132.9.2845S"},{"key":"S1368980007000201_ref22","first-page":"85","article-title":"Evaluaci\u00f3n nutricional de ni\u00f1os de 1 a 5 a\u00f1os en un consultorio del m\u00e9dico de familia","volume":"13","author":"Mac\u00edas","year":"1999","journal-title":"Revista Cubana de Alimentaci\u00f3n y Nutrici\u00f3n"},{"key":"S1368980007000201_ref13","unstructured":"13 D\u2019Emilio AL, Garc\u00eda CS, Allgood G, Graciano M, Carrillo Z, Marco E, et al. Prevalencia del d\u00e9ficit de vitamina A en ni\u00f1os y ni\u00f1as entre 6 a 59 meses de edad, 1ra ed. Caracas: UNICEF, April 2003."},{"key":"S1368980007000201_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-36342003001000007"},{"key":"S1368980007000201_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1020-49891998000900005"},{"key":"S1368980007000201_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/134.10.2579"},{"key":"S1368980007000201_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/34.2.377","article-title":"Concurrent liquid-chromatographic assay of retinol, \u03b1-tocopherol, \u03b2-carotene, \u03b1-carotene, lycopene, and \u03b2-cryptoxanthin in plasma, with tocopherol acetate as internal standard","volume":"34","author":"Thurnham","year":"1988","journal-title":"Clinical Chemistry"},{"key":"S1368980007000201_ref18","volume-title":"Programa Nacional de Acci\u00f3n para el Cumplimien. to de los Acuerdos de la Cumbre Mundial a favor de la Infancia.","year":"1997"},{"key":"S1368980007000201_ref23","first-page":"220","article-title":"Ingesta de macronutrientes y vitaminas en embarazadas durante un a\u00f1o","volume":"29","author":"Pita","year":"2003","journal-title":"Revista Cubana de Salud P\u00fablica"},{"key":"S1368980007000201_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1601973"},{"key":"S1368980007000201_ref1","volume-title":"Global Prevalence of Vitamin A Deficiency","year":"1995"},{"key":"S1368980007000201_ref9","volume-title":"Indicators for Assessing Vitamin A Deficiency and Their Application in Monitoring and Evaluating Intervention Programmes","year":"1996"},{"key":"S1368980007000201_ref2","volume-title":"Sight and Life Manual on Vitamin A Deficiency Disorders (VADD)","author":"McLaren","year":"2002"},{"key":"S1368980007000201_ref6","volume-title":"Informe del Sistema de Vigilancia Alimentaria y Nutricional","year":"1995"},{"key":"S1368980007000201_ref7","first-page":"122","article-title":"Estudio de deficiencias nutricionales espec\u00edficas mediante sitio centinela","volume":"3","author":"Zulueta","year":"1997","journal-title":"Revista Espa\u00f1ola de Nutrici\u00f3n Comunitaria"},{"key":"S1368980007000201_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/134.1.231S"},{"key":"S1368980007000201_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/54.4.707"},{"key":"S1368980007000201_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1601828"},{"key":"S1368980007000201_ref17","first-page":"95","article-title":"Estado nutricional de la vitamina A en ni\u00f1os cubanos de 6 a 24 meses de edad","volume":"16","author":"Mac\u00edas","year":"2002","journal-title":"Revista Cubana de Alimentaci\u00f3n y Nutrici\u00f3n"},{"key":"S1368980007000201_ref19","first-page":"215","article-title":"Uso de suplementos vitam\u00ednicos por la poblaci\u00f3n cubana","volume":"29","author":"Mac\u00edas","year":"2003","journal-title":"Revista Cubana de Salud P\u00fablica"},{"key":"S1368980007000201_ref21","unstructured":"21 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. FAOSTAT, Data Archives, Food Balance Sheets [online database]. Available at http:\/\/faostat.fao.org\/site\/502\/DesktopDefault.aspx?PageID=502. Accessed 2 September 2006."}],"container-title":["Public Health Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1368980007000201","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,24]],"date-time":"2020-04-24T00:07:54Z","timestamp":1587686874000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S1368980007000201\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,1]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S1368980007000201"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1368980007000201","relation":{},"ISSN":["1368-9800","1475-2727"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1368-9800","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-2727","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,1]]}}}