{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T04:22:52Z","timestamp":1793506972219,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,1]],"date-time":"2009-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1238544000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Public Health Nutr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1368980008002401_abs1\" sec-type=\"general\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To provide current global and regional estimates of anaemia prevalence and number of persons affected in the total population and by population subgroup.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1368980008002401_abs2\" sec-type=\"general\">\n                    <jats:title>Setting and design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We used anaemia prevalence data from the WHO Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System for 1993\u20132005 to generate anaemia prevalence estimates for countries with data representative at the national level or at the first administrative level that is below the national level. For countries without eligible data, we employed regression-based estimates, which used the UN Human Development Index (HDI) and other health indicators. We combined country estimates, weighted by their population, to estimate anaemia prevalence at the global level, by UN Regions and by category of human development.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1368980008002401_abs3\" sec-type=\"results\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Survey data covered 48\u00b78 % of the global population, 76\u00b71 % of preschool-aged children, 69\u00b70 % of pregnant women and 73\u00b75 % of non-pregnant women. The estimated global anaemia prevalence is 24\u00b78 % (95 % CI 22\u00b79, 26\u00b77 %), affecting 1\u00b762 billion people (95 % CI 1\u00b750, 1\u00b774 billion). Estimated anaemia prevalence is 47\u00b74 % (95 % CI 45\u00b77, 49\u00b71 %) in preschool-aged children, 41\u00b78 % (95 % CI 39\u00b79, 43\u00b78 %) in pregnant women and 30\u00b72 % (95 % CI 28\u00b77, 31\u00b76 %) in non-pregnant women. In numbers, 293 million (95 % CI 282, 303 million) preschool-aged children, 56 million (95 % CI 54, 59 million) pregnant women and 468 million (95 % CI 446, 491 million) non-pregnant women are affected.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1368980008002401_abs4\" sec-type=\"conclusion\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Anaemia affects one-quarter of the world\u2019s population and is concentrated in preschool-aged children and women, making it a global public health problem. Data on relative contributions of causal factors are lacking, however, which makes it difficult to effectively address the problem.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1368980008002401","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,23]],"date-time":"2008-05-23T05:33:10Z","timestamp":1211520790000},"page":"444-454","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1824,"title":["Worldwide prevalence of anaemia, WHO Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System, 1993\u20132005"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Erin","family":"McLean","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Cogswell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ines","family":"Egli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Wojdyla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"de Benoist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1368980008002401_manual_ref-5","first-page":"302","article-title":"The prevalence of anaemia in the world","volume":"38","author":"DeMaeyer","year":"1985","journal-title":"World Health Stat Q"},{"key":"S1368980008002401_manual_ref-2","year":"2004"},{"key":"S1368980008002401_manual_ref-19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a115546"},{"key":"S1368980008002401_manual_ref-3","first-page":"52","article-title":"The prevalence of nutritional anaemia in women in developing countries: a critical review of available information","volume":"35","author":"Royston","year":"1982","journal-title":"World Health Stat Q"},{"key":"S1368980008002401_manual_ref-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006254-198211000-00001"},{"key":"S1368980008002401_manual_ref-16","year":"2005"},{"key":"S1368980008002401_manual_ref-12","first-page":"139","volume-title":"Human Development Report 2004: Cultural Liberty in Today\u2019s Diverse World","year":"2004"},{"key":"S1368980008002401_manual_ref-8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1556","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1990.03450120068031","article-title":"The effect of cigarette smoking on hemoglobin levels and anemia screening","volume":"264","author":"Nordenberg","year":"1990","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"S1368980008002401_manual_ref-9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1945.00210290007002"},{"key":"S1368980008002401_manual_ref-6","unstructured":"6. World Health Organization (2001) Iron deficiency anaemia: assessment, prevention, and control. A guide for programme managers. WHO\/NHD\/01.3. http:\/\/www.who.int\/nutrition\/publications\/en\/ida_assessment_prevention_control.pdf (accessed April 2007)."},{"key":"S1368980008002401_manual_ref-14","unstructured":"14. World Health Organization (2000). The World Health Report: 2000: Health systems: improving performance. http:\/\/www.who.int\/whr\/2000\/en\/whr00_en.pdf (accessed April 2007)."},{"key":"S1368980008002401_manual_ref-4","unstructured":"4. World Health Organization (1992) The prevalence of anaemia in women: a tabulation of available information. WHO\/MCH\/MSM\/92.2. http:\/\/whqlibdoc.who.int\/hq\/1992\/WHO_MCH_MSM_92.2.pdf (accessed April 2007)."},{"key":"S1368980008002401_manual_ref-18","volume-title":"Logistic Regression Using the SAS System","author":"Allison","year":"2001"},{"key":"S1368980008002401_manual_ref-11","volume-title":"Mathematical Statistics with Applications","author":"Wackerly","year":"2001"},{"key":"S1368980008002401_manual_ref-15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e442","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0030442","article-title":"Projections of global mortality and burden of disease from 2002 to 2030","volume":"3","author":"Mathers","year":"2006","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"S1368980008002401_manual_ref-10","volume-title":"Sampling Design and Analysis","author":"Lohr","year":"1998"},{"key":"S1368980008002401_manual_ref-1","year":"2002"},{"key":"S1368980008002401_manual_ref-21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/133.6.1974S"},{"key":"S1368980008002401_manual_ref-22","first-page":"339","volume-title":"Iron Nutrition in Health and Disease","author":"Hurrell","year":"1996"},{"key":"S1368980008002401_manual_ref-13","year":"2004"},{"key":"S1368980008002401_manual_ref-20","unstructured":"20. United Nations Population Division (2005). World Population Prospects \u2013 the 2004 revision. New York."},{"key":"S1368980008002401_manual_ref-17","volume-title":"Applied Linear Statistical Models","author":"Neter","year":"1996"}],"container-title":["Public Health Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1368980008002401","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,20]],"date-time":"2025-06-20T21:24:04Z","timestamp":1750454644000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S1368980008002401\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,4]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S1368980008002401"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1368980008002401","relation":{},"ISSN":["1368-9800","1475-2727"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1368-9800","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-2727","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,4]]}}}