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The analysis considered four health outcomes: neural tube defects (NTD), myocardial infarctions (MI), colon cancers and B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> deficiency maskings.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S1368980008002565_abs4\" sec-type=\"subjects\">\n\t    <jats:title>Subjects<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>The US adult population subgroups defined by age, gender and race\/ethnicity, with folate intake distributions from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (1988\u20131992 and 1999\u20132000), and reference sources for disease incidence, utility and economic estimates.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S1368980008002565_abs5\" sec-type=\"results\">\n\t    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>The greatest benefits from fortification were predicted in MI prevention, with 16 862 and 88 172 cases averted per year in steady state for the 140 and 700 \u03bcg fortification levels, respectively. These projections were between 6261 and 38 805 for colon cancer and 182 and 1423 for NTD, while 15\u2013820 additional B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> cases were predicted. Compared with no fortification, all post-fortification strategies provided QALY gains and cost savings for all subgroups, with predicted population benefits of 266 649 QALY gained and $3\u00b76 billion saved in the long run by changing the fortification level from 140 \u03bcg\/100 g enriched grain to 700 \u03bcg\/100 g.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S1368980008002565_abs6\" sec-type=\"conclusion\">\n\t    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>The present study indicates that the health and economic gains of folic acid fortification far outweigh the losses for the US population, and that increasing the level of fortification deserves further consideration to maximise net gains.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1368980008002565","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,1]],"date-time":"2008-07-01T08:09:50Z","timestamp":1214899790000},"page":"455-467","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["A cost-effectiveness analysis of folic acid fortification policy in the United States"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Tanya GK","family":"Bentley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Milton C","family":"Weinstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walter C","family":"Willett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen M","family":"Kuntz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1368980008002565_manual_ref-20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195108248.005.0002"},{"key":"S1368980008002565_manual_ref-47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-113-11-852"},{"key":"S1368980008002565_manual_ref-19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.85.5.667"},{"key":"S1368980008002565_manual_ref-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8223(97)00044-8"},{"key":"S1368980008002565_manual_ref-63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgi312"},{"key":"S1368980008002565_manual_ref-22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2005.067371"},{"key":"S1368980008002565_manual_ref-32","unstructured":"32. 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